" Everything that can be removed is taken away, the rest is destroyed, tbe nails, doors, and Avindows are broken in search of money. On one group departing another comes, then a third, until absolutely nothing is left that could possibly be taken away. All elotlilng and linen is taken, not only from those who escape deatli, but also from the corpses of the dead. A new admin istratdon is established in the place, and a deputation of the Jews miraculously preserved go to them or to the Christians who are supposed to be friendly to Jews, and request protection. As a rale the new a athorities, consent to grant the protection on the condition that a certain contribution is paid by the Jews. With great difficulty a contribution is paid and then a new claim arrives from the autlioTities for contributions in kind, and it is the duty of the Jews to obtain a certain number of boots and a certain quantity of meat for the soldiers. In the meantime small groups continue terrorizing the Jews,, exact inoncy, murder and violate. Then tbe to\AT) is occapied by the Soviet troops who often continue the robbery of their predecessors. But soon all the gangs return, as the front fluctuates and the place continually changes hands. Thus, for instance, Boguslav was taken five tunes diiring one week. Every change of Government or administration brmgs about new pogroms, and the end of it is that the terrorized population, ruined and exhausted, naked and liare-footed, witliout a single coin in their pocket, fly heedless of the climatic condition and risking the dangers of the 30ume3-, to the nearest town in the vain hope of getting protection there."
This is a typical picture of a pogrom, though, of course, there are variations in details, in the character of the murders committed, and the number of victims. Sometimes it happens that the contribution is exacted before the pogrom can break out. In such a case the Jews sometunes escape death, but are certain to lose all their property. Sometimes the raging gangs, or even the regular troops, organize a slaughter in the literal meaning of this word without a, single life being spared, regardless of sex and age. Details vary also in this respect, and in Belomitza (Province of Volliynia) all fathers of families were killed. In Trostianetz only males were killed regardless of age (370 people). In Volodarka, on July 9th to the 11th, seventy-three old men, women and children were slaughtered; all the rest took to flight. The bandits everywhere displayed great ingenuity and refinement in the method of killing. Shooting was most frequent, but before beiiii; shot tlie victims \^'ere driven from one place to another until brought to a cemetery or a forest. But sometimes the bandits were short of cartridges and cold steel was used. In Proskurov, on February 15th, only bayonets and swords were used, and it took Samosenko's men four hotirs to slaughter in this way 1,600 Jews. In Dlibovo the Jews were brought to a cellar and tvvo bandits, by dealing blows on their heads, had to throw them eitlier dead or wounded into this cellar. In Obodin (district of Bratzlav)' only bayonets were used, because one cartridge cost 50 roubles. In Gorshtshik a group of rebels decided to kill the Jews by bayonets only, because shooting might create a panic among other rebels who were destroying a railway not far away.
In Tschernobyl district the usual way of killing Jews was by drowning. Jews were driven to the river and forced into the water, where they had to stay until drowned: rifles were used only when some of them succeeded in swimming to the other shore. Steamers on the Dnieper were stopped, Jews singled out from the crowds of passengers and thrown into the water. In the provinces of Poltava and Kherson, Jews were thro\^'n out of trains running at full speed. In Elisavetgrad (1.526 Idlled) hand grenades were thi-own into the cellars where Jews were hiding. In Rotmistrovka there were cases wlien badly wounded people were hanged or burnt in tteir houses.. In Klevan (district of Rovno) the soldiers of the Red Army invented a new method of torturing Jews by tearing their beards with a specially-adapted wire. In Ziadko%'tzy (province of Podolia) during the second pogrom fifteen.Tews were thrown into a well alive.
The following is-the list of places with the largest number of victims: Proskubov, February 15th.. 1,650 Trostianetz, May 10th.... 370
Elisavetgrad. May lijth-nth.. 1,536 Novogead-Volynsk.... 350
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Tscherkassy, May 16th-20th.. 700 Yasov, 300
Felten-, February' 16th.... 485 TEOPmrOL, June 26th.... 300
TuLCHiN, July 14th.... 519 Belaia-Tscherkov, August 2.5th.. 300
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POOREBITSHTS HE, August 13th.. 400 Kamenny Brod,.iulv.... 250