District of Tahernobyl (Struck) 43
Tripolie (Zeliony) 9
,, Tsherkassko-Tshigirinsky (Gregoricv).. 23
Berditchev........ 5
Tarashtshansk...... 20
Uman 12
., Skvir and Pogrebishtshe...... 30
., Radomysl-Shitomir (Sokolowsky) 52
Total
Province of Volhynia.
District of Ovrutoh Shitomir Rovno
Total
Province of Podolia. District of Gaisin Balta Vinitza Proskurov.. Kamenetz-Podolsk
Total
In the Province of Kherson..
„ „ Poltava
,,,, Tshernigov
,,., Ekaterinoslav
Total
In all, 372 places which suffered from pogroms were reg^tered. Comparing the dates on which pogroms took place we note that the most terrihle months in this respect were those of the summer — ^namely. May, Jime and July, 1919.
As to the part played by various gangs of pogrom makers in the sufferings inflicted on the Jewish population in the Ukraine the following statistics are -available:
Petlura's Regular Troops and Detachments.
120 places 15,000 killed
Gangs of Sokolowsky.
70 places 3,000 killed
Gangs of Zeliony.
15 places 2,000 killed
Gangs of Struck.
41 places 1,000 killed
The Gangs of Sokolow and Others.
,38 places 2,000 killed
Gangs of Geigohiev.
40 places 0,000 killed
Gangs of Yashtshenko, Golue and the Others.
16 places 1,000 killed
The Soviet Troops. 13 places 500 killed
Total.30,500 killed
To the above data new names must be added of towns which were ransacked and destroyed by the detachments of the Volunteer Army quite recentlv — at the end of August and September. They are as follows:
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]
The entire number of registered victims who were killed in all these pogroms amounts to 40,000. The number of unregistered sufferers hag also been very considerable, as there was no possibility of taking note of those who lived in the villages whose Jewish populations were completely destroyed. The number does not include the many who were done to death -at points whicli have not yet been registered, because they are inaccessible. Such points are in the western parts of the Provinces of A'olliynia and Podolia, and the southern jaarts of the Province of Kherson.
Not included in the above were those who died during their wanderings from one town to another in search of an asylum, those who were thrown out of trains and shot, those who were drowned in the rivers, and those who were murdered in forests and other lonely and sequestered places. In the above totals we have not included those who died from wounds, from infection, and from starvation and exposure.
It can be assumed that no less than 70,000 victims perished. Until quite recently the outstanding feature of Jewish pogroms in Russia was plundering and damaging Jewish goods, rape and other forms of violence, murder taking place comparatively seldom. Also refined cruelties were a rare phenomenon in Russian pogroms. The recent epidemic of pogroms, however, excels all other periods in its refined cruelty, in the merciless thoroughness of the acts of violence, and in the naked bloodthirstiness of the barbarous criminals.
The explanation of the tragic difference may, perhaps, be found in the fact that whereas the old pogroms were committed -n-ith the connivance ■of the Government, the newest pogromis were actually organized and directed by those who held administrative power in places where the.Jewish jiopulation was, for days, weeks and even months, at their mercy, mthout the slightest prospects of relief from anyone.
It must furtlier be added that never before has contempt for human life and other people's property been so openly expressed and so widespread as during the last vears of the external war and during the whole period of the civil war with its White and Red terrors, forcible contributions, requisitions, searches, raids, round-ups, hostages, and so forth.
The following is a description of the average pogrom:
" The ganff breaks into the township, spreads all over the streets, separate groups break into the Jewish houses, Icilling without distinction of age and sex everybody they meet, with the exception oC women, M'ho are bestially violated before they are murdered, and men areforced to give up all there is in the house before being killed.