7. Dogmatic, mechanical party dictatorship leads to dogmatic, mechanical centralization, as a party is not able to control the economic life of a country in any other manner. Dogmatic and mechanical centralism kills every initiative and destroys more than it builds up. It is characterized by destruction and not by construction.
8. Axiom: In building a house one first lays the foundation and the roof comes last! In Russia it was the opposite way. The central decides what there is to do. The structure falls to pieces halfway up because there is no responsive action from below. The Industrial Councils must not be tools in the hands of a central body, they must be the initiators, and their activity should only be regulated by the central body.
9. The Soviets must not be tools in the hands of a centralist body but the real source of life in their field of activity. Russia teaches us through dearly bought experience that our motto must be "from the bottom to the top". Centralist dictatorship is not necessary, and least of all for all branches of life. Every branch should itself decide what is to be centralized.
10. Political and economic activity must be melted together into one. When political and economic problems go hand in hand, they become social problems. Economics is the organization of the conditions of life. Social politics is the relations between man and man in all the conditions of life.
The anarcho-syndicalists are also for the Soviets but against the Soviets of political parties. From their resolutions on Soviets one can learn the difference between them and the bolsheviks in this respect. Among other things they contain:
"In consideration of the role which the Soviets play in the struggle against counter-revolution, we have to note the following :
1. That the dissatisfaction of the workers with the bolshevik tactics in regard to Soviets and other organizations is on the increase.
2. That the dictatorship of the bolsheviks over the Soviets and other organizations of labor is pulling the workers over on the side of the Constituent Assembly.
3. That it is necessary for the working masses to have a clear understanding of the Soviets to carry on a successful revolutionary struggle.
"The anarcho-syndicalists declare themselves for the Soviets, the purpose of which is to destroy the present centralist form of the state. We reject, on the contrary, the Soviets of the people's commissars, as these are in contradiction of the essence of the Soviets and paralyze the workers in the true Soviets of the workers and peasants.
"We are "for the Soviets of the active population who are elected under such conditions that the workers from the factories and the peasants from the village are directly represented and that the delegates are no party politicians, who cause the soviet meetings to be degraded into talking orgies.
"We are for free Soviets, who make their decisions only in accordance with the wishes of the electorate. Hence, the congress decides that all anarcho-syndicalist fellow workers have to take part in the provincial Soviets in which the bolshevik party is not yet the ruling power, and where it is still possible to act in freedom."
Besides these anarcho-syndicalists there are also the Anarchist-Universalists and the Pan- Anarchists, who have come into development first after the revolution. These two tendencies are represented by the brothers Gordin. These tendencies arestill new and unripe, and it would be too early to describe these ideas in this connection.
The "Nabat" Anarchists
Besides those already mentioned there is in Ukraine a special anarchist movement, which has come into existence since the revolution: The Nabat Federation. "Nabat" means alarm or trumpet blast. In their last conference, which took place in Charkov in the beginning of September, 1920, they formulated their standpoint as follows: