as if studded with towers, churches, fortress walls and tall buildings, while the other is lost in the distance, shrouded in fog. And in its location, and in the nature of the population, and, most importantly, in its past, Vazan is, as it were, a threshold from Europe to Azsho. In ancient times, Kazan was a terrible city, that “nest of serpents,” from which the wild and numerous hordes flew into Rus', drinking the land with Russian blood. Now it is the intellectual center of the Volga region, a wonderful university city, a city that has retained, despite its modern European appearance, the features of its Asian past.
When looking at Kazan, one involuntarily recalls that military struggle, which for each of the sides arose from the most pressing need—from millet about life and death; on the one hand, Az1ya set up a bulwark against the rassi-
Rus' was growing and its power was increasing; on the other hand, Rus' was striving to secure its earlier conquests and to secure a peaceful future for itself. And the result is a struggle not to the belly, but to the death of two heroes - Moscow and Kazan. It is not surprising, therefore, that when looking at the peaceful mental center of the Volga region, one involuntarily recalls the great efforts of the past and the bloody sacrifices made by the Russian people for the possession of Kazan; the names of the great princes rise in memory: Vasim the Dark, Toanna Sh, Vasil G\, “chinivigih tfenotu of the Kazan lands,” and the names of the Kazan kings Ulu-Makhmet, Makhmet-Amen, Shig-Aley, Saig-Girey and others who cost Rus' dearly; over all of them rises the majestic image of the Terrible Tsar, under whose mighty blows the kingdom of Kazan fell.
The name Kazan is the Tatar word kazan, which means boiler, and the current Kazan inherited this name from the previous city, which was located almost 50 centuries ago. distance! And up along the Kazank reef, where the shadowy city of Arsk is located. It is very possible that ancient Kazan received its name from its metaphorical location - it was located in a round closed valley, which really looked like a cauldron; If this is so, then, of course, the river, in turn, received its name from the ancient city and, of course, was previously called not “Kazanka”, but “Kazan”, which, already with the Russification of the edge, received a more Russian character with the addition of the particle “ka”.
The present Numerous Kazan in the VKan city has the appearance of a triangle, so called settlements, one corner of the nko- - Sukonnaya, Podtorogo ograniluzhnaya, Yamokaya chen merging and Tatarskaya, dammed by rivers - clearly already completely Kazanka and Bushenno merged with varnish; corner with the city. This one is quite mountainous, or the top is effective and essentially represents the lower part of the city, more beautiful howling according to your own as if nature - buildings and
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honors more healthy mfetnost, lie between the steep bank of the Kazanka River and Prolomnaya Street. The rest, a more extensive and mostly populated part, is spread across a lowland, flooded to a certain extent by spring waters. Around the city one can see either low-lying meadows, flooded with water during floods, or elevated, flat space covered with arable land. These meadows stretch along the left banks of the Volga and Kazanka and seem to embrace the city from the south, west and north. Since in the spring they are all flooded, the city is surrounded by water on three sides; even some streets are flooded; so, for example, the settlements of Kozya, Grivka, Admiralteyskaya, Novotatarskaya then look like islands. After the spring waters recede during the month, many shallow depressions remain with standing water remaining in them, which
The depressions surrounding the city did not have a very beneficial effect on the health of the inhabitants of the nearest lower parts of it. When the weather is damp and steamy, high fevers begin, especially common among the inhabitants of streets flooded in the spring. The worst sufferers in this area are Yamskaya, Mokraya and those adjacent to the Kazan River. That these fevers are serious is proven by the fact that every month in Kazan, in contrast to what happens in healthier communities, is characterized by increased mortality. Vl, the number of topographical inconveniences of Kazan should be added to the fact that the city has always felt a lack of good water; not to mention the debate about the times when ordinary people used water directly from Kazanka and Lake Kabana, but even in our time, when water is obtained from a water supply system installed by Ts. G. Gubonin, the quality of this water leaves much to be desired.