An unpretentious, unpretentious life, not without, however, some poetry! The nomads go like this until they reach the place where there is water in the form of a well, tested in the past nomads, and where they can graze cattle. A stop is arranged there and work immediately begins to bustle; men clean out wells, put them in order and distribute livestock pastures; Horse herds lead in one direction, a herd of sheep and rams in another, cattle, if there are enough of them, in a third. At the same time, the women are doing their job: they pitch tents, spread out their household belongings in them, milk mares, sheep and cows, cook food, etc. But finally, the grass in the area surrounding the campsite is so worn down by cattle that it becomes difficult for them to feed; then the nomads rise from the met and go to another stopping point, already marked by the past. This is how everything goes, day after day. At the end of August, nomadic groups reach the end of the path that extended goes from year to year every year and returns back or in another direction, also known and determined in advance - this depends on considerations, the secret meaning of which is understandable only to nomads, who always know how to pick up signs that elude the ordinary eye in the steppe, which give a clear understanding of whether there will be enough food for livestock on the previous path, or whether a new arc must be described first, How will you achieve your permanent winter quarters? By the end of autumn, groups of nomads reach their wintering quarters, trying by that time to make a sufficient supply of hay, which they bring with them to feed small livestock during the winter.
In all these wandering movements, however, there is one characteristic custom, sacredly observed by all nomads; This custom is the never-violated right of photographic groups to certain places of rest. It never happens that any group of nomads stops at a rest stop already chosen by another group; each clan will occupy its usual place, and therefore the western steppe spaces, despite the constant movements of nomads, are still very prudently distributed not only between the uluses, but even between the clans of each ulus *) between the sections of each clan.
The settled population of the region in the Astrakhan province is concentrated only along the berets of the Volga, while the rest of the space is occupied by constantly moving nomads; Kalmyks occupy the steppe on the right side, and Kargizes on the left side of the Volga.
Kalmyks belong to the Mongol tribe and during the period of the KhTU-KHUP centuries they occupied almost the entire Central Az. In the interests of the deprivation of their rulers! The Mongol-Kalmyks formed the Oirate union, which consisted of four generations: Charosht, Durbot, Khomot and Torgout. They were powerful and were headed by a khan from the Charosh generation; their closest neighbors, the Chinese, had a hard time with them: the provinces of Dzungaria, Gobi and Tibet were flooded with Kalmyks to such an extent that the Chinese government was powerless in its desire to drive out the uninvited guests. One of the generations! union, namely the Torgouts, headed to the west with the intention of conquering the country - several clans living in one area.
we along the shores of Tobol and Ishim; having found the Russians here, the Torgouts migrated towards the Kasshian Sea. It is clear that the result of spreading over such a huge space as from the Kasshian Sea to China and from the Altai Mountains to Indy was disunity between individual groups and the unity of the Oirat Union was disrupted. The latter helped the Chinese cope with Kalmyks, starting to subdue them one tribe after another, and on top of that, the Kirghiz united together in order to deal with the Torgouts and take away their migrations from the Caste Sea “Then the Torgouts migrated beyond the Urals in 1628 and settled on the meadow side of the Volga. In the vicinity of Ross, the Kalmyks conquered the Nogais near Akhtuba and, little by little, penetrating even into the middle Volga, they began, together with the Bashkirs, to attack the Russian settlements, sometimes going quite far. The Volga region began to be in danger; but fortunately, at this time, fellow Kalmyks in the opposite outskirts were conquered by the Chinese, so the head of the Torgouts who settled on the Volga voluntarily accepted the citizenship of Rosa in 1655 with all the Kalmyks subject to him, pledging to protect the Astrakhan region from the Kyrgyz and other nomads.