Moreover, a pot of brick tea. In the terrible heat, when the Russian worker, what
It’s called “melting”, in other words, it will become limp and begin to barely move.
When even a Tatar begins to slyly look for shade where he could rest for an hour, the Kalmyk works quite cheerfully. Even a Kalmyk woman will earn more money in fishing than a Russian worker or a Tatar. The usual type of Kalmyk is medium height, black hair, sharp eyes, prominent cheekbones and beautiful white teeth. Despite the dry climate and the hardship of his life, a Kalmyk is rarely sick, unless he begins to suffer from some cutaneous disease from untidiness. Consumption is an almost unprecedented phenomenon here; mental illness and nervous diseases in general are not considered; in case of epi-
— 148 demi, be it feverish or at least cholera, the Kalmyk dies with the same calmness with which he goes to his forefathers in his old age, when he was overcome by dropsy, which, as has been noted, most often begins as a result of excessive consumption of brick tea. Yes, even the epidemics themselves never capture the Kalmyks in such a strong and continuous mass as happens among the donkey population; In this regard, it is, of course, not so much the movement of the Kalmyks from one place to another that helps, but their dispersion over a vast space.
The usual clothing of Kalmyks is as follows; for men - something like a Russian zipun; in winter, an ordinary sheepskin coat; a hat in the shape of an uhlan, only lower than it, tilted on one side; bloomers are worn by both men and women; women's headdress the same hat as a man, with the only difference being that for women it is more dapper; the rich even have it made of crimson velvet with gold braiding, and sometimes even straight out of gold brocade. A women's suit essentially differs from a men's suit only in full attire, when a sleeveless black corduroy caftan, trimmed with red braid and embroidered with various patterns, is put on over a cloth or silk robe. The Kalmyk woman's chest is decorated with corals and small silver coins; Corals are also woven into braids; in the ears there are large earrings, either metal, or woven from beads and corals. The Yeyargiz were already known to the Russians in KHUT VK, who found them in the upper reaches of the Yenisei, Ob and Irtysh. From there, the Kirghiz constantly moved to the west, until they occupied with their nomads the entire space up to the shores of the Castian Sea. They lasted for three branches, called “juz” and known among the Russians under the name of the Great Horde, the Middle Horde and the Small Horde. Each horde had its own khan, and it was the small horde occupied the steppes from the Urals and the northern Chaton WHITE. from the Kasshi Sea east to the Aral Sea and the Khiva possessions. This horde accepted Russian citizenship in half the last century. When the Kalmyks moved in 1771 from the meadow side of the Volga to China, the steppe, previously occupied by them, turned out to be empty, then one of the sultans of the small horde Bukey, having separated from his fellow tribesmen with an independent branch, migrated to the Volga steppes, and this newly formed horde, unlike the Trans-Ural and Siberian ones, is called the internal Bukeyevskaya horde. Later, in 1812, the Russian government granted Bukey the title of khan. Bukey's son Dzhanger, who died in 1845, married in 1824 a girl he took from an educated society, Falim, the daughter of an Orenburg mueumya. Young Khansha,
— 149 who had an understanding of the convenience of decent apartments, made her husband aware of the need to stay in the winter not in some tent, but in a house, and even for this purpose sent her husband to St. Petersburg to apply for benefits. The help was given, and Dzhanger built himself a large wooden house in Ryn-Tseski. Soon the sultans and rich people close to the khan followed, and as a result, a whole group of houses and even dugouts appeared, now called the Khan's headquarters.
The only difference between the Kirghiz and the Kalmyks in their way of life is that their yurts are neater and more elegant than those of the Kalmyks; Among the rich Kirghiz, the floors of yurts and the walls are decorated with Bukhara and even Persian norovs. The Kyrgyz cattle breeding is extensive in Kalmykia; their sultans, bis and elders are richer than the Kalmyk noyons and zaisangs; As for the people themselves, that is, the common people, they are just as 0bden as the Kalmyks.