It was mainly the residents of Cherkassy and Kanev who went to “Cossack” at Niza, as they were closest to the RK; These two cities were the city from which the Cossacks later dispersed throughout Ukraine.
Frequent attacks by the Tatars forced first the residents themselves, and then the Polish government, to accept the rules of the Cossacks; Between the leaders and organizers of the Cossacks, the leaders were: Prince Dmitry Vishnevetsky and Evstaya Dashkovich, nicknamed the “famous Cossack”.
At his request, the king granted the Cossacks bordering lands, and therefore these Cossacks began to be called Transnistrian Cossacks, in contrast to those of them who sometimes remained to spend the winter on Niza, beyond the rapids of the Dnipro, and were called “Zaporozhye”.
The Cossacks of Cherkasy-Kanevsme (Dneprovsk) and Zaporozheshe were exempted from many duties, but they were entrusted with the duty to protect the borders of Ukraine from the Tatar tribes. For this purpose, the supreme Cossacks were divided into regiments and hundreds; regiments were named after cities, hundreds - after towns and settlements; The regiments were commanded by colonels, and over all the Cossacks in general there was a commander; "hetman of the Zaporizhian troops"
The Cossacks were obliged to keep “varta” in the steppe, i.e. a line of guard posts to notify Ukraine of Tatar raids. Varta extended far into the steppe and was located on mounds (hills); As soon as the Tatars appeared, they lit a large fire on the wart: this signal was received at the next wart, and so on, right up to the border villages.
The people on the migawip looked with horror, like huge stars, the lights of guard posts. “The Tatars are coming, the Tatars!”—this rumor quickly spread throughout the Ukraine; women and children hurried to the cities, or hid in wilderness; household belongings and livestock were hidden in ravines and ravines; the men armed themselves and mounted their horses, hurrying to the assembly stations.
This is how Ukraine prepared to meet the enemy.
At first, the Polish government made no distinction between the Cherkasy-Kanev and Zaporozhe Cossacks, even patronized the latter, finding it advantageous to have voluntary and brave guards on the remotest borders of the state. So at the Gorodensky Seimt. in 1522, Dashkovich proposed to even build up the Dnieper islands with strong castles (fortresses) and constantly keep a guard there of 2000 infantry and 400 mounted Cossacks; his proposal was accepted with sympathy.
However, the attitude of the Polish government towards the Zaporozhye Cossacks soon changed: the Cossacks did not miss the opportunity to defeat the Tatar ulus and attack the Khansu lands, and the Tatars took revenge for this by invading Ukraine. Poland repeatedly complained to the khan about the raids of the Tatar troops, and he responded to this with a request to pacify the Cossacks; in vain the Polish government ordered the hetman of the Zaporozhye army to curb the Cossacks: they often did not want to recognize his power over them, taking advantage of the remoteness and inaccessibility of Zaporozhye, and soon they completely stopped considering themselves even subjects of Polynya, calling themselves “free Cossacks,” and began to shelter all sorts of fugitives from Poland and Ukrainian.
The fact is that during the raids the Tatars were often forced to go out into the field and the residents of Mfg; It was difficult for them, because the household suffered greatly from long absences and they had to spend money on horses and weapons. The locals could not help but see the advantages of the Cossacks. who were not only exempted from various duties and did not experience oppression from royal old age, but also enjoyed honor as warriors, suben
Putting your life on the line to protect civilians. The townspeople went to Niz and, having returned from there, considered and called themselves free Cossacks and no longer wanted to obey the royal elders.
In this way, the Cossacks grew and could become dangerous for Poland itself; The Poles decided to put an end to these transitions: a “register of Cossacks” was compiled, and only 6,000 people were included in it, who became known as registered Cossacks.
The restriction of the transition to the Cossacks by the registry served as the basis for many troubles and disorder in Ukraine, since the Cossacks sought either to increase the number of registries, or to remove the registry altogether.