The Cossacks, supported by the Cossacks, tried in every possible way to elect the son of Sigismund III, Prince Vladislav, as king, who had been friendly to the Cossacks since the time of the campaign against Moscow.
The lords were very dissatisfied with the interference of the Cossacks in this matter of the Sejm, and especially that the Cossacks promised Vladislav in the future to support his royal power over the lords with weapons in his hands. Vladislav was chosen by the king and, realizing how important the Cossacks could be for the royal power, he gave the Orthodox a diploma (paper), in which the freedom of Orthodox confession was clearly and definitely stated: everyone was allowed to convert from Orthodoxy to Unsho, from Uni to Orthodoxy or Catholicism; The Orthodox were given the right to elect a metropolitan, consecrated by the Patrarch of Constantinople, and the legitimacy of the entire Orthodox clergy was recognized.
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We SEE that in 1620 Hetman Sagaidachny restored the Ukrainian Orthodox hierarchy, and in 1632 all the Cossacks achieved recognition of the legality of this hierarchy. If the Russian people did not have the protection of their interests in the persons of the Cossacks, and among them mainly the Cossacks, there would probably be neither the first nor the second.
So the Orthodox achieved their goal: Vladislav provided equal freedom to both the tubs and the Orthodox: it seemed that there could be justice? But it soon turned out that the freedom of Orthodox religion should exist more on paper than in reality. Behind the Orthodoxy stood only the mass of simple enslaved people, and behind the Ushu were all the lords who were not at all disposed to recognize the royal diploma and continued to help the tubs to the detriment of the Orthodox. Until the union, the source of all discord, was destroyed, all the benefits and rights of the Orthodox Church could not be in force. The forcible introduction of ears and stifling measures against the Cossacks did not stop; By the way, in 1635 on the Dnieper, above the rapids, the Kodak fortress was built, which was supposed to delay the Dnieper Cossacks’ exits to the sea. The Turkish Sultan, finally irritated by the devastation caused by the Cossacks along the entire Black Sea coast, demanded that Poland appease the Cossacks, and otherwise threaten her with war. Poland pledged to prevent the Dnieper Cossacks from going to sea; As for the Cossacks, she admitted that she was powerless and asked the Sultan to persecute them mercilessly.
In the same 1635, the Dnierov Cossacks, going to sea together with the Zaporozhye Cossacks, going up the Dnieir in canoes, saw a hitherto unprecedented fortress. Ataman Sulima immediately ordered an attack on it: the fortress was taken, and its entire garrison was slaughtered to the last man.
The registered Cossacks were ordered to seize Sulima; This latter, realizing that such a thing would not be in vain, stood in a camp in the steppe and began to call the people to him. The registered Cossacks, without engaging in battle, captured Sulima by cunning; he was executed and his people dispersed.
The registries valued their position and therefore, without hope for success, did not want to start a rebellion: this is what forced them to act so treacherously towards their own Cossack comrade.
As a reward for the integrity of the registries, it was allowed to add another thousand people to the registry; in total there were 7 thousand of them.
However, two years later, in 1637, these same registered Cossacks took part in a new uprising, partly dissatisfied with the delay in the payment of salaries, but mainly out of sympathy for the people's cause.
The rebels had been preparing for a long time; all that was missing was a brave leader. At this very time, the Cossacks returned from the Crimea, where, as they say, they “with small forces defeated and turned a numerous enemy to dust.” Having heard about what was happening in Ukraine, Navlyuk with a crowd of Cossacks raided the city of Cherkasy, took the cannons (armala) of the registered army and took them to Zaporozhye.
“They should be here!” he said.
Hetman Tomilenko could, of course, recapture the cannons from the Cossacks, but he, like everyone else, secretly sympathized with them. Before the Poles, he justified himself by saying that they strictly prohibited armed quarrels and fights between Cossacks.