Pavlyuk lost time and when he finally appeared in the Ukraine with the Cossacks and crowds of angry claps, it was already too late: the Poles managed to gather a large army. Near Kuleiki, the Cossacks were defeated, retreated to Borovitsf, the GDF reconciled and handed over Pavlyuk and Tomilenko to the Poles; The other sergeants ran to Sich. The Poles became brave and sent a detachment there to catch the rest of the instigators, but when Colonel Meletsy stopped near the Dnfpr in sight of Sjcha itself and sent a demand for the extradition of the fugitives, the Cossacks responded to him with a daring letter. Meletsyu tried to use force, but was defeated and... I barely left Sjuchi alive.
This uprising, which ended so unsuccessfully, had a heavy impact on Ukraine: the oppression of the lords became even stronger.
The next year, 1638, the rebellion broke out with renewed vigor under the leadership of Ostranitsa and Gunya. Lvizhene began, as always, from Zaporozhye. The Cossacks sailed on boats along the Dnieper, and some of them walked along the shore. The city of Kremenchug and the adjacent settlement went over to Ostranitsa. May 5th under
The Poles suffered a severe defeat with Goltvoy, but then Ostranitsa, with his carelessness, spoiled the whole matter: without waiting for the arrival of fresh reinforcements, he began to fight near Lubny and recaptured the battle with great damage. Soon, the Cossacks themselves disagreed and gave the Poles the opportunity to extinguish the uprising that had begun. Ostranitsa, and after him Gunya, fled to the borders of the Moscow state, but the Poles brutally dealt with those who remained and decided to radically transform the Cossacks: instead of hetmans, Polish commissars were appointed, the Polish gentry were appointed Cossack colonels and centurions, the seagulls were burned, and for fear of death it was forbidden to go to Sich and swim to the sea, Heavy taxes were imposed on the Cossacks; only the master's obedient oxen were included in the register. Along with the Cossacks, the common Polish people were even more enslaved, the pans' oppression became unbearable, the Polish soldiers were allowed to rob and torture the people with impunity; The Ukrainian chronicler says, "that many nobles were quartered, and others were hanged. And from that time on, all freedom was taken away from the Cossacks, and heavy and fictitious taxes were imposed on them, churches and church ceremonies were sold to the Jews, Cossack children were boiled in cauldrons, women were squeezed out with wood, etc."
The entire series of uprisings described did not achieve success, because these were uprisings of only Cossacks who fought for the expansion of their rights, and only partly adopted the character of popular uprisings. Thus, the rise of Zhmail, Taras, Sulima, Pavlyuk, Ostranitsa and Guni did not affect either the right bank of the Ukraine or Volyn, where the bulk of the simple emigration languished mainly in slavery, from which only a little pestered the Cossacks, since the people saw that in the treaties concluded by the Cossacks
When the rise was over, everything was usually skipped. which could make his situation easier.
If there had been such a person who could raise the spirit of the entire people, then this last person would not have spared his strength for the cause of liberation; For as many as 10-15 years the people had to wait for such a person and be in slavery. He was freed from this slavery by the former military clerk Zinovay Bogdan Khmelnitsy.
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II a.
s = Yatoievoiioninovie =. And
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“The glory of the first Cossack is not better than ever.”
It’s not much more beautiful
Yak in us on Vkraini;
That's why Lyaha,
That dumb Jew
Ta nemae unsh!“
On the farm of Subbotov, not far from Chigirin (Kevsk province), lived the former military clerk Zinovy Bogdan Khmelnitsky, whose father was a Cossack centurion. Khmelnytsyu in his youth studied at the Mevsk Fraternal School, and then at Polish schools, visited abroad and, in general, was a learned man in his time. Being in a Polish school between lords made him cunning and secretive.
Despite his closeness to the Poles, Akhmelnitsai remained a true Cossack at heart, he loved Ukraine and his heart ached when he saw it as a child. Having quarreled with one noble gentleman, Khmelnytsyu was forced
UAC
lived in Zaporozhye, took part in the campaigns of the Cossacks against the Tatars and Turks, and was known to the Poles as a brave warrior and an intelligent Cossack.