to diflferences with Lord Raglan, he resigned his command in May 1855. In the ItaUan war of 1859 he was present at Magenta and Solferino, and commanded the 6th Army Corps in the Franco- German War 1 870, when he was defeated at Worth and Gravelotte. He surrendered with Bazaine at Metz, and was imprisoned in Germany.
32 In December 1854 great efforts were made to induce Austria to join the AUies, wiiich she ultimately did, though refusing active aid.
" Liprandi was the Russian General who attacked the English camp at Balaclava and captured the redoubts on October 25, 1854.
** General Count Dannenberg commanded the Russian 4th Corps d'Armee, but was removed from his command after being defeated at Inkerman.
** Sir Richard England, b. 1793, commanded the 3rd Division of the British army in the Crimea.
3* Wife of Colonel, afterwards Sir Charles, Phipps.
^' Lord Rokeby, 1798-1883, Scots Fusilier Guards. Commanded a Division in the Crimea.
"In the autumn of 1853 a Conference at Vienna of the four great Powers resulted in the Vienna Note, which however Turkey refused to sign without modifications to which Russia would not consent.
'» His sister, Fanny Stephenson, 1813-1881. A lifelong invalid, whose patient and cheerful endurance of great suffering was very remarkable.
*" In April 1853 Napoleon in. and the Empress Eugenie visited Queen Victoria, and were warmly received by the English people.
" Lord Ward became Earl of Dudley in 1 860.
" Aimable Jean Jacques Pelissier, Duke of Malakoff, Marshal of France, 1794-1864. Commanded in the Crimea under Canrobert, whom he superseded as Commander-in-Chief 1855.
"General Moncrieff, Scots Fusilier Guards, 1805-1869.
** General James Simpson is described by Kinglake as "a general officer of high standing," who was sent out by Lord Panmure with " the authority of chief of the staff at Lord Raglan's headquarters." He was instructed to report upon the fitness or otherwise of the general staff, and reported favourably in every case. After Lord Raglan's death General Simpson was made Commanderin-Chief, but though he had rendered valuable services under Lord Raglan he never felt himself fitted for the highest command, and after a short time resigned the post from motives of the best and most conscientious nature.
** Mary and Charlotte Stephenson. See Appendix I.
*• General Liiders commanded the Russian 5th Corps d'Arm6e, and assisted in [? conducted] the defence of Sebastopol.
LETTERS FROM CHINA PREFACE
Little introduction is needed to the letters from China, as they tell their own story very well, but there are one or two points of interest connected with them to which attention may be called.
There were two men with whom Sir Frederick was afterwards to be closely connected in Egypt whom he first met during the years of the Chinese campaign. One was Lieutenant Wolseley, of the 90th Light Infantry, who was in the Transit on her voyage out, and afterwards accompanied Sir Hope Grant as D.A.Q.M.G. when he came from India to take up the Chinese command. The other was " Chinese " Gordon, whom Sir Frederick met for the first time on the occasion of the capture of Pekin.
A letter published in the Times in April 191 3 quotes Lord Wolseley in later life as giving a more formidable impression of the wreck of the Transit than that expressed in these letters, and saying that they were reduced to eating monkeys on the island of Banca. The different dispositions of the two men would, however, lead to their seeing the same circumstances in quite a different light, and " monkey " was no doubt what is termed a " picturesque " expression used by Lord Wolseley, as one might refer to " cold cat " when speaking of an unsavoury sideboard at an inn. Moreover, Sir Frederick was writing home to his mother and would never make a fuss about discomforts or short rations. No doubt there was danger i«3
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]
to all on board, and the rations, if not including monkey, were unsatisfactory.
The question of who was immediately responsible for the diversion of the troops to India from Singapore when on their way to China has been a matter of inquiry and discussion.