In view of the genetic connection between institutions that had little communication with each other, the authors had to admit that “the establishment of the Quarters is for them completely unknown.” The indicated group of writers based theirs on me, as was already seen above, on the evidence of Fletcher.
- Currently, thanks to the works of Mr. Miliukov and Seredonin proved with full conviction that Fletcher did not call the Ambassadorial, Local, Discharge, Kazanskato Palace ‘orders of Quarters’, and they were named only clearly by mistake® in the Russian translation®. Fletcher wrote, for example, the first quarter
] 1) V. 0. Klyuchevsyu. Boyar Duma. Ed. 2nd, p. 408. 2) I. Ts. Bylyaev. Lekshi according to East. Russian Law. 1879 Page 498— 500, 503.
bear the name of the Ambassadorial Quarter or area of jurisdiction) of the Ambassadorial Order, and: at present. At the time, it was in charge of the chief secretary (Duma clerk) and the head of the Posolskaya Prikaz, Andrei Tschelkalov,” but it was translated, and unfortunately still is translated 1), this is just like this: “The First Quarter or tetrarchy is called the Ambassadorial Quarter or the Posolsky Prikaz and is located at the present time, etc. Consequently, Fletcher only said, “that each of these (Posolsky, Pomstnato, Razryadny, Kazan Lvorets) orders is connected. Also governed by the Fourth part of Russia; Fletcher believes that each Quarter is assigned, attached to one of these orders.” In such simultaneous management of various orders by 8 NIM Vdyak (Dumny) there is nothing but, this happened nearby. | What is important for us in all this is that the theory of identifying the Quarters with four: orders... or the theory of explaining the Quarters as separate Duma clerks, is based on an erroneous theory. Oh, the breath of Zhetière. This theory is useful because an analysis of its fallacy leads to a firm position: “The quarters (KhUT century), as an institution, are different from the main orders of the Ambassador, Pomvotnato, Razrt of the Kazan Palace, 2 - ai 123 both and ud fe oe m z
|. Theory of the Regional Origin of the Quarters._(Nevolin, Kavelin, Vladimreny-Budanov, Bergevich, Filippov, Gradovsny, Lappo-Danilevsky).
The Nevolins laid the foundation for a new understanding of the Fourths. Basing his proposed division of orders on the breadth and depth of their orders, he distinguished between orders that “receive large amounts of money in all states in general,” or at least states in a significant part of it,” and orders that “have in their possession only a certain part of the state.” The first, in his terminology, are “obime orders” (these include, among others, Posolsyu, Razyadny, Pometny), the second are “orders 060r) Fletcher. 0 Russian States. Published by Suvorin in 1905. Neg. 36.
2) P. Milyukov. State TV household Rosai XVI. Ed. 2nd, p. 21, note. 1st. S. M. Seredonin. Oriz ©16., pp. 247—949. —
A KE. to the military”, or, as you can also call them, “regional” orders, named after the regions in which they were charged. Among the latter he included the Nizhny Novgorod cheet (standing in the genea-
‚ tical connection with the clerk Shchelkalov’s family), Ustyugskaya (in connection with the brother of Petelin, and then clerk Vakhramfev), and Kostya, Galitskaya, Vladimrekuyu and Kazansyu order.:
The rule of these latter is explained, he says, by the fact that “the Muscovite Sovereigns, annexing some special region to their possessions, generally left the previous administration in it and only established a special administration in Moscow to manage its affairs, or?” as a matter of fact, only G. B transferred the existing “take a smooth drink to Moscow” ZHI"
This is how the Quarters arose; as for the time! If it arose, it refers to Toann III, which is directly attributed to the division of the then Russia, and three parts, under the name of the third: Vladimir, Novgorod: and Ryazan, and for each of these parts a separate order was formed under the same name Let's call it thirds. Ko at Toannf TU t 9? ra
O.— © four such separate departments were formed, then we call it “* the third was called the Thursday” D). 0 in "This point can be called the theoretical region of the industrial the outcome of the quarters; We find it in Kavelin, and among modern scientists it is adhered to by Prof. Vladimrekeit (^ novt,, SertZevich, Filippov? 2).
2) Nevolin. Collection op. t. UG pp. 195, 148-181.
2) K. Kavelin. Collection op. Part T, pp. 69-70. The quarterly orders “stood under the authority of the State Posolyesky Order and governed entire regions and kingdoms subordinate to the Moscow sovereign... They were established, probably, upon the annexation of these regions and kingdoms to the Russian Federation.”}.