Lina Complete Collection Works, vol. UT. etr. 144; V. 0. Klyuchevsky, Course of Russian History, part 2. p. 435 and in general all those who patched up the mess of the order system.. And
PN Because the question itself was clumsily posed before the end of the day, methodological methods for posing it were not developed. In fact, if official documents have been preserved
16th century, do not say anything definite about ‘when and how the ceti arose, then it was natural to approach this question by dividing cover the very concept of quarters: having defined their knowledge, And
finally, the goals, the implementation of which was entrusted to them.
The documents in this case are not silent, and now we know that in the “quarters” there were so-called quarterly revenues, or fees, of a sweeping nature, according to the Chechu classic. lina, i.e. data and quitrent money').
They are the main article of the quarters, it’s not for nothing that they became be called “four-four”. On the other hand, there is no doubt that chety, consisting in “to support a certain number of service people with an annual salary from) the fund)} formed by paying the above taxes directly to her
“exactly in a quarter by persons and communities subject to taxation,” the regions of which are assigned for this purpose between quarters 2).
Thus, it is impossible without understanding the essence of quarters. It is more or less correct to approach the question of the time of their origin. In addition, when breaking this. The last question, we constantly have to keep in mind that “quarters” do not remain once and for all established, determined institutions. They have their history in the sense of gradual development. Therefore, it is impossible to describe the entire set of features and characteristics of the formed quarters, namely quarters. 17th century, transferred to quarters
‘the end of the 16th century, when it was noticeable that they had just been formed. At this time quarters are also called by the name of the clerks who manage them (later they are already called the metetnoe) - so we have: the honor of the clerk Andrei Shchelkalov (first mentioned in 1580), the honor of Vasil Shchelkalov (mentioned in 1579), the honor of the clerk Druzhina Petelin (1589, 1590, but maybe previously), honor of clerk Elizar-
:) Chechulin, Moscow City. state in XY! V., p. 187. 3) P. 9. Platonov. Articles in Russian. Ist., neg. 171.
‘Vyluzgina (1598’ t;) 1). The areas are not exactly 'distributed between; quarters, on the contrary, they move from one quarter clerk to the other. Sometimes even the government itself does not know exactly what order will be issued for a given year. maybe fairies 5) Ka or another city or region). Along with this, the circle of departments of the quarters is not completely defined. Some areas, as I rightly noted, Seredonina; were subordinate to the quarters with all their fees: data, quitrents, customs, etc. p.; these areas also dealt with the quarters on judicial/and administrative issues (hence, they were not only financial institutions at the time); from others goy | clans and districts in the quarter ` only certain fees were received: usually: data for namzstnic food, receiving taxes from Yamsk and Polonyanich, customs from these went to the Big Parish 3).
All this must be kept in mind when studying the time and method of occurrence of quarters. This is a simple methodological requirement. Meanwhile, it is often noticed that it is neglected, and in our literature they have expressed, as you will see, now, opinions about the origin of the quarters, without understanding their essence and meaning.
1. Identified! with four main orders - Ambassadorial, | PomBstny, Discharge, Kazan Dvorna. (Karamzin, Solovyov, I.D. | Bylyaev, N.P. Zagoskin, V. 0. Klyuchevsky, N.P. Likhachev).
This reproach is especially applicable to that group of writers |
which, starting with Karamzin, identified the Quarters with the orders of the Ambassadorial, Pomstny, Discharge, Kazanskato Palace.