M. F. Vladimrey-Budanov. Review East. Rus. Rights. ed., 2 p. 179. "When the estates were annexed to Moscow, their central institutions (yards) were transferred to Moscow, retaining the same district of residence. Thus, institutions arose in Moscow, local in the area of activity and central in the degree of power, namely, first three (the so-called thirds), and then 4, which is why the orders are called quarters, of which there were already 5 in the 18th century and even the 6th (new) was added... Of these, Nizhny Novgorod is known from the time of Toanna [U, etc. See also V. Lekshi and studies on ancient Rus. 276 and A.N. Filippova.
This theory received a slightly different interpretation in the works of Gradovsky. and Lappo-Danilevsky.
Gradovsyu is considering the issue of the formation of Quarters in connection with the progress of the centralization in Moscow. States®. But his schemes in the history of recent days “must distinguish between the realities of the moment.” Firstly, the Moscow state'" 1 brought the power of the highest administration to Moscow, including background belonged to the udfl princes and supreme cities. During this period, Moscow only overshadowed the previous administration with its orders. In this era, the foundations of the previous administration, built on zemstvo principles, did not lose anything essential. \"" izmfnevya: the zemstvo community and the feeding system remained untouched and G" Immediately comply with the aspirations of the government
: BUT of wasteful management, by highlighting in favor of “Moscow orders of various branches of management.
>’ in view of this policy coincides with the final closure of the estates, the need to give each of them 060b0e management in Moscow and ‘create new state tasks that
No. Ki did not enter into the former areri. remote control and silencing mg dzhikh it Quarters, determine the development of centralization in the third s} m E tii stettiichitt and the last moment... Quarters, as institutions, and correspond accordingly in and 97 ° the needs of the Moscow Centralization the first moment of its development. A No. Thus, the Quarters, as regional orders, “emerged very early in the name of the destruction of estates and the annexation of various kingdoms and states to Russia, replacing the highest government of these”, estates and regions,” are, according to Gradoveky’s schemes, an intermediate moment between the existence of the ancient palaces and the emergence of the later central ones general state orders.
The regional orders of Gradovsky, as deputy Ts. Milyukov 1), are a mechanical replacement of the “former regional government” until the organic management appears; they are composition-
Textbook Iet. Rue. Rights 1907, part G, p. 479, where the author, analyzing some of those expressed on the issue of the origin of quarters, c. In the end, consider the most likely: prof. M. Vladimirsky-Budanov.
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]
Thus, they represent the transition from a patrimonial state to an estate state.
This is the significance of the Quarters as a transitional moment in the history of the Moscow central region, and is important for Gradovsky, within the framework of this scheme the question of the origin of the Quarters is addressed, which Gradovsky, as we have seen, is adjacent to. To
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The presentation of the question in another of the above-mentioned scientists, namely Lappo-Lanilevsky, differs in its formality. The financial organization of the lower part of the Moscow state, according to Lappo-Danilevskato, appears as a consequence of first the “fiefdom” principle of income distribution, then the “territorial class”, and finally the “Systematization” principle
“The annexation of the entire region with its peculiarities made it impossible for the less than humble government,” the author says.
‘to make her angry’ in relation to existing central institutions ‘and naturally gave rise to the formation of a new institution - _ at YAR vu 3. (day, regional chetig, to which the new region was subject.’
They are no more important than the accession to the COE, but separate regions that were (after the accession) for a long time not “in organic subordination with the main center, but in mechanical coexistence with it.”, -m% (7. ‚. The competence of the people who arose in this way was determined at first by the entire set of functions, the dispatch of which is carried out in the old 'specific' management of the region; now included in the Moscow state, the limit of the department is also determined by the former territorial length regional Cheti.
This is the origin and initial fate of the regional Chety. “But if the regional Honor in the past, by its character