2) Here are a few illustrative excerpts from the documents: in 1495, the townspeople of Zolodizirek complained to the king “these stories are filthy, and they have brought famine to them many times.” The lord, princes, gentlemen and peasants of Volynsk gave away, “so all the imfnya of their zolmi were told and collected from the Tatars” (1503 volume). “All the earthmen of Braslaven beat us, volume 9, their roads were devastated and destroyed by the non-stealers” (1507) Acts of the Zap. Ross. G, No. 124, 201, P No. 96. Kremenetskaya district “lay for ten years in vain” in the statement of the inhabitants, see Inventory of the Kremenets Castle in Monuments ed. Elevek. com. t. IU, separately P. ©. 916; This inventory and some others have so far been published in the Latin transcription, following the primacy of the scientists who used them, I quote these opiums in the Russian transcription.
3) The Volyn nobility complains, for example, in 1545: be it or not, there is a change from the Tatars, then we get little from the horse. Memorial No. com. GU. 2:61.
- A. I vai t a i i
4. M. GRUSHEVSETI.
new - “state” castles, small Ukrainian captivity, around which a semi-military, semi-agricultural and industrial population gradually settled. It groups initially near the castle itself, ready to take refuge in its walls at the first news of the approach of the gate; inventory of castles from half of the KHUT century. give some indication of the meaning of this: in the Cherkassy region there is not a single settlement, Kromorod, lying near the castle; in Kanevsky though. How many (6) tracts are considered to be inhabited by peasants, but all these farmers and industrialists “wintered and liturgically at the castle” 1), it was also in the districts of Zhitomry and Oster °). Thus, in the early days, castles were an extremely important means of colonizing the country, constituting, as it were, knots with which the bolfe or menfe firmly tied the population to the territory of the country and kept them from ultimate destruction. But the castle could play such a role, of course, only in a relatively small area: with sudden and rapid attacks, only nearby residents could get to the castle; with minor slowdowns, he could accommodate only a small number of the population with his livestock 3). Therefore, the old “state” castles, one for the whole vast region, could satisfy the needs of the population only at the very beginning; with the further phase-switch of colonization, new Ukrainian captivities were needed, new strongholds for the population, which generally valued them "). Significant landowners acquired them, cities emerged. By the end of the 19th century, all of Southern Rus' was filled with similar Ukrainian captives.
1) Inventory of Cherkasekato and Kanevskato castles, part UP. T. G. Ar. Yu.-3. Rosai.
2) In 1544, the Zhitomek peasants were exempted from duties, since they “cannot plow their villages to plow the Tatars.” Вь 1522; all the earthlings and their people. everyone, although they are procrastinating, but in order to alarm the Tatars, they are flying, and in the winter they are regulated to live in the house for revenge. Archive Yu.-3. R. UP. 1. 131, 151. Regarding Osterskato district. See interesting note on Art. 595: they plowed to the castle three miles away from the Capital, and for thousands of hours the arable land there was abandoned due to trouble from the Tatars.
3) How quickly you had to get to the castle can be seen from the trail. eg: to Braslav. you have to climb into the castle, which is steep and steep, along a roundabout road “as if a great quarter had been washed... the people cannot go that far because of their wealth and they themselves will fall into the hands of the enemy. (Arch. UT. 1. 50).:
&) (m. quotation from the correspondence of Staniel. Zholkiewski in the study of the city of Novitskato. (Archive Yu.-3. R. \1. 1. 39): Your honor will do well if you send weapons to Shargorod, especially about a hundred of them, or more, since the common people see in this an important guarantee of their security, but it start settling in much faster.
SOUTHNORUSSKTE TOSPODARSETE CASTLES In half the 19th century. 5