Let's move on to artillery; the inventory of 1559 gives very detailed information about it. The screaming that occurs in castles is quite varied; These are, first of all, “d®la”, cannons, usually small ones, mounted on carriages; the greatest length is 141/5 spans, most lengths are 7-10 spans. The largest kernels are described as “larger than a goose egg,” and are the size of a pigeon egg; the kernels were yellow, coated with lead. Utsflfli and some other old cannons, firing stone cannonballs, short and thick, reminiscent of a mortar (for example, in LutskZ); stone cores to
1) Er routes. Lasooty, lane. Bruna, page 15.
2) Archive\T. 1. 23. Then the villages could settle, add the townsfolk, and the Cossacks would not be able to enter the Turkish land and mend their caps; and now it would be impossible for the Cossack dey (elder) to calm down, if valuable people did not hesitate. h
3) UP archive. T. 82, 89, 95, 105, 119, 604; UT. T. 23. However, at the Eevsky and Vinnitsa castles at this time, they apparently did not live permanently.
nim impli up to 5 spans in circumference. There were zalfm "sercentina" or "sarpotina", (otherwise "shmiigovnitsy"), yellow cannons, longer, reaching up to 15 spans, equipped with wheels. or simply attached to wooden blocks. Mortars (mozhders) are also encountered. Overshadowed are the handguns: large handguns, “harkabuses” and finally “hand-held rifles”.
The number of guns is generally distributed extremely unequally. The richest artillery castle is Eremenetsy: it has 99 guns, of which 22 cannons; “Not only Lutsko and Volodymyr but ten and twenty other castles to these dfls, in such a great wealth of armored speeches cannot be equal,” declares Patey!); His surprise is very clear, the ambassador of Lutsk, the GDV artillery was in terrible disorder, and Vladim, the GDV there was only one cannon, and even that was torn apart. Yuev is also rich in artillery—it has 18 cannons, 11 serpentines and 82 tacks. The other castles were far inferior to these two; the usual number of guns is 4, 5, 6; Zhytomyr, like Vladimir, has only one and 3 serpentines, and as for Chernobyl, all the weapons consisted of 10 warlords. However, the numerical data is not. to give a more complete picture of the castle artillery; There were many burnt, crooked, holey, completely unusable weapons. The weapon of the same Kremenets castle, the gun carriages and wheels were so weak that they could not be moved. In Vinnytsia, of the two guns, one “had its end broken, filled with shell, and the other one was not safe to shoot” (in 1552 a new cannon turned out to be, and the leaky one was sent to Vilna for refilling). Vladimf's only weapon, as I mentioned, was torn to pieces. But the artillery of Lutsk was in a particularly deplorable state—the ancient guns barely held onto their carriages, which were partly rotten, partly torn apart, the frame broken off, and for which there were no cores at all. In other cases, there is not enough gunpowder: with a few dozen hooks, 10-20 pounds of gunpowder happened. and under. Bolfe artillery was serviceable in Ostrz, MozyrV and the castles of the PodnBprovskys.
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]
M. GRUSHEVSKTYI.
stvom; the auditors of 1552 took the guards with them to the castles. But the government was not always careful in delivery; for example, in ZhitomfV the guns were damaged during a fire in the 1920s of the XNUMXth fortress; in 1545, the revival was to find a “small dfltso”, 2 serpentine unforged, a third - completely unmounted, neither the core nor the evince was found; in 1552: holey case, 2 serpentine gorflykh, “useless for shooting”, third - unforged and 44 gakovnitsa; The government and auditors sent only 12 police officers\).