3) This connection is indicated directly, e.g. in the privileges of the city of Surazha (1570): we give them... about the castle and the city of Surazheky on all sides for a mile; which land they hold, the horse-drawn cart service opposite our enemy is to intercede because the bourgeoisie of our Vitebsk place for the sake of their own military services. Acts Zap. R.Sh. No. 50..
5) Acts of Yu. 3. Rosesh. C. No. 108. (1523).
a a I
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]
approximately, even two sometimes (these pasfkas were large, with all sorts of land, arable land and meadows, so that, in the opinion of the lustrator, Bratslav pasfki “there is no need to eat menshi villages of importance, and inshy pasfki, and three villages for one pasfka do not stand”) 1). However, it was often stipulated that the townspeople “don’t blame you for lying on the 1%,” that is, staying for a long time; They usually “looked around the roads of Tatar”, went in pursuit, and so on. 2). For the cake and craft population, this duty was very inconvenient and they preferred to pay off with money the obligation to keep horses and go to work. In the charters of MLutsk (1497) and Vladishf (1509), the townspeople are obliged to occupy only a garrison in the castle in case of emergency 3).
But military service was not limited to townspeople; in the outlying districts it also extended to peasants, castle and private. In the Kevsky povet, many church subjects served on horseback; in Bratslav, boyars also served before; in the Vinnitsa povet, everyone served from their place and from the volost.
the kolvek horses ride, and in pursuit they straighten each other out on a two-horse, and the guilty service military horse is kept by everyone, like Grodem (castle), so earthen ones,” otherwise they are subject to a fine “for cucumber”; in Kanevsky “against enemy people... you must be mounted on horseback” - m%fshans, boyars and their subjects, and church members and guests all®; there were no subjects in Cherkassy "). The conditions in which the population lived turned it into one continuous militia. Vladim burghers say that everyone has a gun, or even two; Zhitomrev zemyans and burghers “toil hand-handles and shoot good umpot"; Lyaesota, who lived 40 years later in the southern outskirts of Volyn, writes that every peasant, going to the field, carries a gun on his shoulders and aims at his side
1) Arch. UI. G. 26.
2) Here are approximate data on the number of people living in the southern castles: in Cherkasy approx. 190, Vi Kanevv approx. 120 souls, in Vinnitsa 141 houses, in Bratslav - 229 people, in Zhitonre - 49 people. ((uba UT. 115, Archive UT. G. 95; UP. 1. 108, 113, 148).
3) Archive of U.G. No. 4, 6.
4) UP archive. 1.95, 121, 602; Wed 610 (Vinnitsa): Village of Pan Aksak Stryzhovka, dozhov 80: whoever mounts a horse, everyone for military service Fed with the master and without the master, with the headman 860 to his governor.
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M. GRUSHEVSET.
saber or cleaver!). However, both the townspeople and the subjects were, of course, unimportant warriors; The townsfolk of Bratslav ask for the maintenance of a permanent garrison, “now the wicked are not afraid, soon the penyazhny people (regular detachment) will leave, then the Tatars will come and fix the damage”?).
In place of one hundred tarnisons, which required significant costs, the elders of the southern castles came to form Cossack detachments. In this era, Cossacks are mentioned at the castles: Elevsky, Kanevsky, Cherkasy, Vinnitsa and Bratslav; Some of them have osfdlost-vemelnye plots, houses in cities and bear duties as military forces with mVshchans, others - “non-settled”, serve as hired workers, earn a living by fishing or robbing the Tatars. They were, apparently, divided into companies, but in this era they did not form defined, regular detachments; the very number of them in separate castles varied from year to year, “what time it was”; At the Cherkassy castle, during the audit there were 250 people. Their dependence on the castle officers was rather weak; robbing the Tatars, they caused constant trouble to both the elders and the government; The Bratslav elder complains that only regular troops can calm the Cossacks 3).