Castle farmsteads—“palaces”—existed in many (western) districts; sometimes as many as a soul of peasants or “involuntary servants” lived on them, i.e. slaves; for field work, castle villages were assigned to them'). Castle mills are even more common, sometimes several; What they received from them, the “measures” sometimes gave a significant amount of bread: so Lutsy Mlin gave 60 matz (240 kortsev) “of every kind”; Elders came from 3 Vinnytsia mills “to recruit the post office (detachment) to demand it” °).
The government delivered supplies to the castles near the Dnieper from the northern volosts 3); In these castles, lustrators found some reserves (zhito, cereals, corned beef), but significant ones were found only in YuMev: 204 solyankas (612 quarters) of zhita, in others - several dozen solyankas, and in Kanev® only 16 barrels of cereals; Some of the supplies were sometimes distributed by the elders to private individuals. In other castles in the province there was no one, “not a grain of grain,” and the elder Vladimir states that “before this, this was not the custom, otherwise it would be nice to be here and the same would not be remembered, as soon as it came.” Tributes in kind were transferred to money and apparently simply turned into the headman’s income.
These are, in general terms, the data on the state of the southern Russian castles in the middle of the 16th century. "). Most of them, with
1) In the Lutskon farm of Gnidava there were 195 mines of grain, in Ovruchekom - 20\) hodgepodges (600 quarters) of grain and 200 carts of sleep. State University Archive. 1. 89 and UP. 1. 171. There were also farms in Krements, Vladimir, Mozyr, and before in Zhitomr. (Inventory of 1501, Arch. U. E No. 2).
3) The life of Bobruisk 3 was recently transported with the nobleman Vyishey grass Arch. UP. 1. 80 (Cherkasy). In 1588 (Acts of the Zap. R.P. No. 191) c. Prince, find out that “there are no livestock and livestock in the locks of the stolen ones.” Ask the Rada what would be more convenient: should we send the “epizhi” from the ruler’s households or sell them and use the proceeds to buy supplies for meth?
1) It is not without interest to compare modern private castles; for example “lock” Buremlsii (Lutskato poveta): it is wooden, equipped with a bridge “tsalyi, wide”, with a clear gate, at the gate there is a lighthouse with a tower, two towers, “kgontomi are beaten” (at the bottom of the “stayni”, on top of the komory), to which the walls are built “good relatives, beaten with shingles”, two houses in Neokolko room, with towers, closets and services, all 5710 "with guards, with iron guards-
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