In old towns that were sparsely populated or completely deserted, where it was necessary to attract the population with various benefits, the government had to undertake the construction of castles. To the castles of the subn®provs—VLevsy, Kanevey, Cherkassy and Osterevy 5) the government sent timber and carpentry of “good trees” from the “upper” regions of Belarus under the supervision of their headman or
3) Which our ancestors had one of these castles... and people had served, and with the same ones they had served, like these castles were built, and bridges were built, and they gave bridges and portages, and they don’t want to fulfill other ancient duties of the landowners. State University monuments. 2. 7. 704. 41. UG. V. 3.
&) UP Archive. 1. 128, 138, 139. In memory. G\. 2. 182 (?).
5) I’m starting to renew a new pine tree, but the good trees are growing (i.e., the hairs are sub-supportive—p. 177) Archives of the UC. 1.592; 91, 177.
appointed "inquiries". Some details are given by one royal order *): having seen the dilapidation of the Ukrainian captivity of the Elevsky castle, the laborer receives an order to measure out and distribute the work between the upper volosts “of a large number of people.” At the same time, the Svisloch volost has to deploy 60 people in order to “recross and block” the 38th city; they must come to Kev with the necessary amount of leu and drants and “with enough livestock”; For failure to appear, they are fined a kopeck per ax. When it came to building a new castle, the artels, of course, were much larger: so over one and a half thousand people were sent to Kanev to build a castle, who drove several thousand beams 2). In other cases, the government commissioned the construction of the castle, so the Braslav castle was built by the headman for 700 kop, and by a private contractor. At the same time, the builders imposed part of the work on the population: in Braslav they were forced to build more than a third of the city, and in Zhitomy they were forced to remove 500 beams “for captivity and robbery”, “without any order from the ruler” 3). Sometimes local carpenters “adzes” were involved in the work of the castle; for example, they are entrusted with the construction of a drawbridge—a “harness.”
In the castles under the Nizprovka, repairs (the most insignificant ones, however) were carried out jointly by the entire population; in Western castles, ecclesiastical and secular owners, burghers, and state volosts had their own special plots: “even though the area in 06$ on which the sides are hugged and the doors are set in place and the shroud will be in it, that one will be guilty of turning those relatives to the right, the top is crooked, stones and blocks for defense on it with mites and clay coat"; The same was true for towers 5). These towns were associated with estates: several of them, state or private, held one town, and this responsibility passed to each subsequent owner, so sometimes one owner took part in several towns. In situations with numerous
1) Acts of the South. and Zap. R. G. No. 109 (1542). 2) \1. G. 19; UP. G, 195.
4) Eg. in Lutsk (Memorial [\. 2. 70).
5) UP archive. G. 126 (Zhytomyr).
M. GRUSHEVSKTI.
4-6, and sometimes more than ten nobles held the same kin as nobility. The repairs were carried out using their contributions, and given the large number of participants, these arrangements, essentially trivial, were very troublesome.
The bridges were located in the same conditions as the castles; in the Podniprov region they should build “virtuous trees” in the midst of populated areas; if there were several bridges, the nobles and townspeople distributed them among themselves; Repairs are also carried out either on a random basis or “without business.”
Finally, the construction of the city fort always rested with the city inhabitants - philistines and others; The townspeople often complain that the town dwellers and their people refuse to perform these and other town duties. In Lutsk, 33 nobles were listed, in Vladimir - 21, who forbade their subjects to serve city duties °).