ORUSSKGE GOSBPODARSKTE CASTLES IN HALF OF THE XNUMXth century. 33
insignificant, often neglected fortifications, meager means of defense, lack of supplies, water, of course, could not withstand any serious attack; More than once there are reports of the destruction of castles by the Tatars. Fortunately, these attacks were relatively rare, in most cases the Tatars were left in the castles, the population sat in them, leaving the Tatars to scour the countries - the few detachments of drabs and castle servants, townspeople and nobles, where they were, were not able to seriously repel the invasion. But the castle, as indicated, could only provide such a refuge to a small number of surrounding residents. I cited statements from the audit that, for example, the castles of Vinnitsa and Bratslavsy are too small for inhabitation; Later, therefore, they settled on their own, unable to rely on the castle, and colonization began to take place in addition to the castles. This is the same population that flocked to the steppes in large numbers towards the end of the 19th century. under the new, constraining conditions of the Polish regime, with its mass it blocked the path of the Tatar invaders and secured the country much better than what the old rulers did.
scales". In the middle is the Church of St. Troits, “beaten by the Kgonts, tsvintar.” The orulia consists of: a cannon, a mortar, hooks and guns (Arch. UP. G. No. 29). Another similar private castle is Koblineky (Ganna Montovt 0. Levitsky. K. Star. 1888. [--Sh. p. 95) has 4 cannons, 20 latches, 52 handholds; supplies consist of 2 barrels of gunpowder and 5 barrels of bullets, etc. The main advantage of district castles over similar private ones was the castle and zemke contingents, which were grouped around the former; Comparing the fortifications and armament of the outlying castles, we will not find a greater difference, moreover, private castles had a chance to be maintained much better (remember the Vinnitsa castle of 1545, “great little”, rotten, with its 9 damaged cannons, 26 such guns (“and not a single one is handy”), and the “ready gunpowder” turned out to be only “supposedly a stone (32 f.), there are nineteen stone sulks, nineteen drenched in iron, and nineteen gakovnichny sulks ((khba. 42. UG. 112). It is clear that the Vemenin “having bought” his private castle, then cared little about the condition of the “large gospodar’s castle” of the district.