3) To Vinnitsv (Archive UP. 1. 608) go “to find out about the Tatar army and guard their path at the top of the Desnitsa River in Ostritsy, where the path goes to Bazarabov - ford.” Cherkasy was fenced on both sides with guards (1514.31). The Ovruch guard was sent to the village. Khodorkov (Skvirsk. u.) State University Archives. 1.40.
4) UP archive. [. 144.
Let's move on to the means that were at the disposal of the castles in case of enemy attacks - military contingents, artillery and supplies. Permanent garrisons existed only in a few castles - in NouMevf, Cherkasy (one hundred drab), Vinnitsa®, Bratslav (not always). These detachments of “drabs” were under the command of their captains and consisted of “coshmen” - “with cords (a type of sword) and behind alabarts or 3 chips (spears)” and “str%ltsy - 3 hand grips, with swords” 1). In addition, there were sometimes small detachments of elders and servants at the castles - in Cherkasy (61), Vanev$ (33 new ones, and 15 old ones), Zhitomf (11 elders and castle servants), Vinnytsz.
Then, various kinds of militias were under the control of the governors or elders. The main and usual zemstvo force was the militia, which was fielded by landowners - zemyans from their own stations; the unit in this case was usually the “service,” an area approximately equal to 200 dessiatines; in Volyn, a unit was considered to be a yard that did not have such a specific size °). This was an equestrian militia, the “paholok” should be “on a good horse, in the armor, behind the tree, with an ensign, on which there would be a panzer, a prylbitsa, a sword 260 cords, a paveza (a wooden shield, one and a half cubits) and a fort dv” 3). Then they carried out military service, but probably only within the limits of their seniority. boyars and servants of various names (armored, castle, horde, worthwhile), Polish called small plots of land in n'fekolko volok. Both the peasants, the boyars and the servants were distributed very unevenly among the southern Russian elders - this was explained, in addition to the general distribution of the population, also by the conditions of the then economy. In Volyn and Polfsia they are quite numerous—162 noblemen gathered at the Lutsey congress in 1545, although none showed up; in “Piss of the Volyn Land” 1528 “) listed up to three
1) UP archive. 1. 90. The government was generally burdened by maintaining garrisons: during, for example. During the war with the Moscow State in 1574, there were only 1605 drabs in the border castles, of which 940 were released at the conclusion of the armistice that year. (M. Acts 3. R. Sh. No. 61.
?) Why do I declare to the nobles “two courtyards do not stand for one Lithuanian service” Memorable. THAT. 2.50.
4) Acts ed. Vilensk. com. HSH. No. 6.
M. GRUSHEVSKGY.
hundreds of landowners who were supposed to put warriors in the militia, in total the Volyn land according to this “Popis” should put up about eight hundred horses; According to the census of 1565, there were over 550 horses in the Volyn land, not counting the detachments of some lords (the entire militia of the principality consisted of 8178 horses). But Yuevsky bets only 36 horses on this last change. In Vinnitsa pozt® there were only 18-19 pavement families and 21 boyars, in Zhitomsk - 22 nobles, in Braelavskoye there were 23 “elder zemyans”, and 14 “lowest” ones, in the words of the description, “whom older zemyans cannot be replaced by brethren, 06% and do not know what the essence is”; in Ostrz there are 27 boyars, in Vanevsky district they own 8--10 lands. zeman, who live, however, as you can see, in others, and 6-7 boyars, and in Cherkasy 4 zemyanin and 5 boyars °).-Thus, the usual military force was absent here.
Small businesses were also required to do military service. Providing the peasants with significant plots of land, often for a mile around (which amounts to about 16 thousand dessiatines, or even more), the government demanded military service from the population in return. All the more prosperous townspeople and other inhabitants were obliged to have a horse and, at the request of the elder, they had to go along with the castle servants or peasants, most often in pursuit for the Tatars. Those who performed this duty were strictly monitored; So in the Charter it is prescribed to Eva: if there is news of a Tatar raid, the townspeople do not have the right to leave the city, or | must leave deputies, “who will carry out our service without them to intercede.”) Those who do not have the opportunity to maintain a horse must, in the event of a raid, come to the castle as a garrison 5).
1) UP archive. 1. No. 293.
2) Archive U1. [. 96, UP. 1. 89, 98 ff. 197, 595. 7tba. 42. Uh! V. 108, 115.