4) Memorial THAT. 2.93.
5) And the platform, and the pillar (lVetnitsya), which was in the castle near Veihi Goroden, 1
the doors in other relatives are not torn - they were all burned for the first time by old age and the same burn of faith. /r04. 42.\1. 119.
small compared to the population; So the Braslav castle “Velmi is small, not a lot of people, not just their floorboards, but the third part of the wealth cannot be used for the hour” 1). Equally small is the small castle of Vinnitsa, and who is “robbed with thin velmi wood and has not yet built a castle in the walls, right% would be the same for all dirs and in spite of everything, in some cases the castle was so simple that the castle was roblen, like the zdfshnSh: not only people in the hour of need of a bulk non-slutner have nowhere to lock themselves and 000rony odkol vchyniti, ale and the cattle are terribly locked up” 2). Between tfm these were border castles, especially the Bratslav region was subjected to frequent invasions and devastation, since it lay between two Tatar roads at a crossroads®. Zhitomov Castle, amidst the wrangling over who should build the castle bridge, will stand for a whole year without a bridge; The townspeople claim that they killed half of them, but the elder chopped them down and burned them, meanwhile: “not only can’t they get into the castle with a cart, but it’s also difficult for them to mount a platoon, even if they crawled” and the people “fear the enemy, in such carelessness they rushed to their foreheads” 3). In Bratslav, due to the lack of a bridge, we had to go around and
If people are attacked, “they will fall into the hands of the enemy.”) In Braplavz, Zhitomr, Kanev, Krementsv, and wells, it is very difficult to get water and therefore they “are subject to heavy taxation for the lack of water to suffer.” 5). The government, hopefully, received news of such an initial situation in the outskirts castles, “they fell down and showed up” and so on, but if from time to time it took it upon itself to “patrol” them, it had the bad side that the population began to be careless about castle work®, hoping that the government would eventually take it upon itself 6).
1) UG archive. 1. 20-21.
2) /khbbla av. UT. 111.
3) 7tbaa 42. 137. In the bishop of the Archive (UP. 1. 132-133) this ifeto is spoiled. 4) Archive. UT. 1.20.
5) UT archive. 1.20; UI. 1.188.
6) (m. e.g. 7hoba at. UT. 114.
M. GRUSHEVSEKGI.
The moss was guarded by watchmen and creeps; watchmen guarded during the day, at the gates and on the towers, the whoopers walked along the stairs at night and “clicked”; 00% these duties were sometimes combined, sometimes the whoopers performed household chores at the castle during the day: they carried water, chopped wood, etc. There were 2-3 guards in total, often more; They usually paid them 3-4 kopecks, most often from a special allowance: watchdog or klikovshchina, which was paid either by the townspeople alone, or by all the inhabitants of the Povft; sometimes they were supported from the income of the elders'). In other cases, guards were required to dress up castles and other villages, so to speak, in kind, in turn for the week; These very villages, when serving this and similar duties (carts of station), were spread out over weeks. Sometimes the castle was guarded by soldiers, “drabs”, they were there. The city, at the fort, had its own guard, hired by the citizens of Mfg.
In the povets, which were more often subjected to Tatar raids, there was also a “storbzha” outside the castle, so called. full These guards were mounted, and as many people stood on the “Tatar roads,” often at several points. valakh, motilakh, towers (“on plows”), sometimes very far from the castle (in ZhitomV 20, in Ovruch 30 miles) 3). They usually guarded not the round tod, “but the waters of the hour of need,” “to watch out for enemy people,” or during field work, they were supported either by the townspeople alone, or by all the inhabitants. However, the Zhitomtsy were of the opinion that “there is no great need for watchmen, since Nikola’s watchman will not watch out, and even though they can wait for the Tatars, then the Vtichy in front of them cannot reach the castle” 4) - the watchmen, as mentioned, stood here too far away.
Moreover, detachments of boyars or townspeople with the castle constable from time to time went out to “test the nobles.”
2) State University Archive. 1. 39; UP. T. 133, 164.