The walls were interrupted by towers—“basts, towers”—of different sizes and types (quadrangular, hexagonal, round); in wooden castles, onzes are also cut from beams, sometimes they have double walls filled with earth, which are equipped with “sub-bars”; for the passage of guards, doors were made to the platform that encircled the castle. In addition to housing for cannons, inside the towers there were also living rooms, storerooms, and barns. ammunition depots. The description of the Zhitomt Castle mentions a tower with a “great military bell”, and in No. Mev on “one tower there was a “zekgar (clock) with cola and with all the seasonings; strike 24” 2). The roof of the towers was sometimes flat, provided with blanks, and guns were placed on it. The number of towers is very different and fluctuates between one (Ozvruch) and fifteen (Yoyev); Most of them would be 10 from four to eight. One tower—the “gate tower”—usually stood above the gate; part of the bridge that led here was raised on poles - a bridle. Under this bridle there were also embrasures for shooting.
Inside the castle there was usually a church, there were houses of police officers and individual peasants; These houses were not large and not fancy - they were cut from logs, consisted of living rooms and one or two small rooms, and were often in pitiful stands; standing like the stone palace of the Lutsk biskup, they constituted an exception. Here we find various services: kitchens, pubs, baths, shelters, storage for guns and ammunition, etc. n. spichlers, barns and cages for food supplies—storages, granaries, fermenters. To obtain water where there was no safe and convenient access to the river, caches were removed, and wells were built in other castles; sometimes it was necessary to dig deep wells, 30 fathoms, and their construction was quite expensive; YuMevsy and Mozyrs wells are 30 fathoms deep; in Vremets, 40 fathoms were knocked out and still no water was found; behind the well, rainwater was drained through pipes and collected in a reservoir.”
1) UP archive. G.v. 77. 2) UP Archive. 1. 10%, 195. 3) In Zhitomr, the elder Yan, Vilensky, a zealous builder, thought to carry out water was piped from the southern part of the river, but this plan did not materialize.
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]
M. GRUSHEVSETY.
In general, while small in size, castles are solidly built up with all sorts of houses and cages; Due to the lack of metal, the last castle was built. This shadow of castles also explains the structure of roundabout castles: to the walls of the castle, if the terrain allowed, another wall was built, also with towns and towers, like the castle one. There were also roundabout castles in Lutsk (partly stone, partly wooden) and Mozyr.
As for the castle towns, they are also surrounded by a wooden fort with attached towns, castles, and houses. Towers are not mentioned in the inventories, but later onfs were also built in cities - with the increase in the urban population, it was necessary to think about independent defense, without relying on castle captivity. While inspecting Lutsk, Falcheveky was already embarrassed “if by the hour of need the defense of the edge of the castle can be destroyed.” °).
This was the design of the locks. This whole type of fortification does not represent anything special in comparison with a more ancient era, it is the same ancient Russian city with a child or a city in the dark sense, which corresponds to a later castle, and a fort or a round town around it; Even then, the walls of the city were usually made of wood and consisted of “gorodnitsa”, on top of which there were plank “fences” corresponding to
The “blanks” are briefly described; a drawbridge, a vezhi, is mentioned; It was built by Damil Galitsky on a hill in the middle of the city, the tower is high, as if there was a city around it, it was built with a stone to a height of 15 lacots, it was created itself with hewn wood, and Studenets, a recommended treasure trove near it 0%, fathoms having 35 “V
1) So in the chandelier of the FZhitozrokato eldership of 1622 it says: the place is surrounded by a fortress and a rampart, it has a gate with 3 locks, 5 towers. (& archive UP. T p. 326). Boplan writes: New Vev is surrounded by wooden walls with towers and entrenched in an insignificant ditch of 28 f. width Materials for topography. Eva, otdel Ts, v. 45.
2) Memorial GU. 190.
3) Ipatievsk. years. With. 559. The m'feta l'topiei related here are collected in Izelfdovanlyakh, etc. Pogodin t. UP. With. 194 next Vezhi is mentioned under 1097 t. (Ipat. l. p. 178), but some of them are considered to be movable wooden besieging towers, the so-called. walk-town; on Sunday sp. vyfeto "under the hedges" cost "under the tours" P. 0. L. UI. With. 17.