ORENBURG
KAZAVN, this is an economic situation
SERVICE.
(Essay on the modern life of the Orenburg Cossacks).
ORENBURGT, Provincial Typo-/itography. 1900.
Al AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Allowed by censorship. St. Petersburg February 1901.
point
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]
Yueremburtemly Kazakh, HIS ECONOMIC POSITION AND SERVICE.
(Essay on the modern life of the Orenburg Cossacks).
General overview.
The Orenburg Cossack army is located on the border between Europe and Asia, along the rivers: the Urals, Ilek, Myas and Tobol with their tributaries, just at those historical “gates” through which hordes of Azatian conquerors once passed, crushing everything in their path and leaving no stone unturned. The silent evidence of these long-past bloody times—numerous burial mounds still stand in the steppes of the army, awaiting their victims.
The Orenburg army in its present composition was formed at the beginning of the last century not in the natural way in which the Don and Ural armies were created, but through government measures, therefore the main sources of the people's well-being of its inhabitants from time immemorial were and are not military booty, but agriculture and cattle breeding. Their entire existence was based on these two branches of agriculture. They gave them the means to support their families and send government
I'm roaring the service. Without them, the Orenburg Cossack is not conceivable, since he did not have and did not have other sources, for example, fishing, gardening, etc., which other Cossack troops control.
^" imfet. That's why, despite the constant his struggle with the Azat nomads, such (at present strange) demands were never made of him as were made, for example, of the Donets, for whom at one time it was even ordered: “so that ‘no one plows the land and takes away the grain, and if they plow, they beat him to death and rob him’” (Decree of Peter the 1st, March 9, 2011). *)
Thus, from the very foundation of the Orenburg Cossack army, the Orenburg Cossack represented a type of peaceful warrior-farmer, to which, due to historical conditions, all other Cossack troops later came.
Being formed mainly from the Cossacks of Iset, Ufa and Samara, the Orenburg army until 1865 was in full control of its direct military command, both militarily and civilly. For the Cossacks, an officer was a combat commander, an administrator, and a judge. Living a great life with the population in peacetime and enduring with them all the labors and deprivations of military life in wartime, such a commander well understood all their needs, all their strengths and weaknesses, and therefore could lead them with greater benefit.
And indeed, considering the public and private economy of the Cossacks of that time, we
*) “Russian Inv.” 1900 No. 58.
E HEDGEHOG
we see that both were at a relatively high degree of development. Stanitsa societies had huge reserves of public bread and sleep, large areas of beautiful public forests and significant monetary capital. Owning vast lands, the Cossacks ran their own private farms on a large scale. Virgin ‘soil, ose