In view of the above, it is necessary to abolish honorary judges, and establish an appellate instance for village judges, which constitutes an appellate instance for volost courts, city judges and zemstvo chiefs, so that. it included a member from the army. The responsibility of this last (member) should be to monitor the correct flow of justice in the capital courts, explain to them their responsibilities, the general principles of legal proceedings, procedures and forms. proceedings, etc., participation in meetings of the UBZDny SBZD with the right to vote on cases concerning the Cossacks, a report in the court presence of urgent orders on the Cossack dom- STV ITP:
Such a composition of the congress, which includes both lawyers (a member of the district court, a deputy prosecutor and a city council judge), and persons who are close to the population and well aware of the conditions of people's life (the zemstvo chiefs and members of the army), will ensure not only complete impartiality, but also a completely correct resolution of affairs, both from the point of view of the law developed by science, and from sides of everyday life truth. The latter is achieved by making it mandatory for the congress to be guided when considering cases of the volost court not only by laws and customs, but also by other legal norms existing in people's life.
With such an organization of the court, the Cossacks will bring all complaints against the decisions of the village courts to the mentioned member of the army (as peasants now do to the zemstvo chief), who will present the inconclusive decisions to the UBZDny congress, and from the complaints about the final decisions (cassation complaints) only those in which they are actually found to have violated the law, and leave the rest without consequences
Although we will expand the authority of the stanitsa court, the number of dBl in it will increase compared to the present one, but this will not mean that the speed of their decision will be achieved greater, because it will be distributed over 5 districts. From the cost data of the military economic administration, we can conclude that the share of each unit will not account for more than 25 dBl per month; the cost is so insignificant that it will give them the full opportunity to complete the incoming case every month, but the speed of resolution is dBl. is so important in the interests of the population that this circumstance alone makes us see the new organization of the court as a significant blog.
The projected organization also does not in any way violate the right of the military authorities to control and direct the activities of the village court, since the approval and dismissal of judges, the nomination of them for awards and the penalties imposed on them will still be in its power.
Such a transformation of the village court and the abolition of the court of honorary judges will undoubtedly completely disable the speedy and correct administration of justice in the villages, and if beneficial results are achieved in its place for the Cossacks in all respects.
Public education.
There are 506 village and village schools (156 male, 153 female and 168 combined), of which eight are two-grade schools, and the rest are one-grade schools of the Ministry of Public Education. Over T60,000 rubles from public funds and up to 2,500 rubles are spent on their maintenance. from military capital per year. The percentage of students to the total population of the army is very significant. By January 1, 1900 it was equal to m: 12, while the tikolnikov to the Mulga population was equal to t: 8.5, and the schoolgirl to the female population was equal to t: 18.5. There is not a single settlement of any significance in the army that does not have one gender, but in most villages there are two: male and female. Educational expenses and school supplies are spent on public funds.
But, despite having great merits behind it, the national education of the army also suffers from several very important shortcomings, including the lack of general leadership of a specialist and the absence of well and properly trained teachers.
At present, the general supervision of schools is concentrated in the military headquarters, and direct supervision of them lies with the chieftains of the departments, the range of responsibilities of which is so extensive that it does not give them any opportunity to devote sufficient time to this matter.
va me. True, they have at their disposal specially appointed observers of schools, one per department, but with vast spaces (the territory of the army is 1,500 miles long), there are more schools per share of each of them (in the 1st department 127, in the 2nd department 176 and Zm 203) and Due to the small number of school days per year (120), they are also unable to provide adequate supervision of schools.