Part 1

Re __ was facilitated by the general disorder that existed _ until 189t. `These conditions, in connection with the destruction of the TBS, the appearance of drought, grasshoppers and ground squirrels, led to the fact that land users ceased to ‘satisfy the needs of the population: crops in. The troops became worse and worse year by year; shortages of crops and herbs began to appear, epilemies on cattle, and the Cossack became more and more miserable, and the hunger strike 189: the goal completely weakened him. Meanwhile, the cost of equipment increased from year to year. Although, by issuing a new regulation on the public administration of the village, the former predatory order of land use has been replaced by a correct and uniform system of agriculture *), but with a shortage of land, the depleted soil poorly rewards the labor of the farmer. Currently, in the villages and partly in 2 departments, the entire dacha of a given settler is usually divided into three flat fields, of which one is cultivated, the other is left for harvesting and the third for pasture **). After five years, when the land is a little depleted, the role of the fields becomes clearer: what was under mowing is plowed up and planted, the pasture is to be mowed, the depleted land is to be used for pasture, etc. Part of the arable field is usually cut out as a quitrent for village needs, for example, for public plowing, for rent. for rent, etc. Thus, in actual *) Prik. according to Orenb. cal. troops. 1392 No. 453. **) In Setanitsy 3 divisions and partly 2nd, thanks to the special conditions of climate and soil, the land on the fields is not duiigeya but every