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no avail. No one came to their assistance. All the money and valuables that the bandits were given as ransom they put in their pockets, and kept on all the same, murdering men, dishonoring women and then killing them in a brutal manner or throwing them from the fifth and sixth stories into the street. Many were thrown into the Dnieper and found their death there. The number of killed is given at 500 to 600, the material loss is estimated in hundreds of millions of dollars.
When the pogrom had reached its highest point, the organs of the Black Hundred, "Vecherniye Ogni" (Evening Fires) and "Kievlianin," published provocatory and, as was shown later, knowingly untrue statements to the effect that the Jews had shot at the troops as they were retiring before the Bolsheviki. In "Vecherniye Ogni" data were given indicating the time of the shooting, the house from which it was done and sometimes the person who did it. An investigation undertaken by the "League to Combat Anti-Semitism," with the active cooperation of the Mayor, Ryabtsov, the magistrates, Butenko and Zagorsky, the high priest of the Greek Catholic Church, K. M. Agayev, the woman physician, Potkanov, the city commissioner Zanubin and the representatives of various public, trade and socialist organizations, showed that not one of the alleged facts stated in the papers was true. In many cases there were no such numbers as those mentioned in "Vecherniye Ogni/'
The military censor canceled the articles which were brought to the above named paper for the purpose of fanning the pogrom sentiment, and struck out the reports of other papers about the participation of the troops in the pogrom and the horrors that had been committed. It is needless to say that no legal steps were taken against the instigators when the falsity of their reports became clear.
The terrors of the Kiev pogrom and the cynically clear and definite explanation of the causes of this as well as the other pogroms that were perpetrated by the volunteer troops are shown in their most terrible precision and clearness in the article of Shulgin, "The Torture of Fear."
THE TORTURE OF FEAR
At night there moves in the streets of Kiev an awful medieval spirit. In the general stillness and emptiness of the streets there suddenly breaks out a heart-rending cry. It is the cry of the Jews, a cry of fear. In the darkness of the street there appears a group of "men with bayonets." At their sight gigantic five and sixstory houses begin to shriek from top to bottom. Whole streets seized with mortal anguish scream with inhuman voice and tremble for their life. These awful cries remind one of the night of the revolution. Naturally this fear is exaggerated and assumes, from our point of view, senseless and degrading forms. Nevertheless it is a real anguish, a real "torture of fear" which has come upon the Jewish population. The government fights, as far as is in its power, to prevent robbery and murder. But the Russian population who hears this horrible groaning which bursts from the breasts of the Jews under the "torture of fear" thinks its own thoughts. It is thinking, Will the Jews in these nights of terror learn something, will they learn what it means to incite the classes against each other according to the recipe of the "great
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master, Karl Marx"? Will they understand what is socialism, from whose bosom have come the Bolsheviki? Will they understand what it means to realize in Russia the principle of the rule of the people? Will they understand what they must now do? Will they go to their synagogues and before all the world pronounce a curse upon all those Jews who had a hand in all the confusion? Will the mass of the Jewish people withdraw from the "Fathers" of the "new" regime with the same passionateness with which they attacked the old regime? Will the Jews beat their breasts, cover their heads with ashes and repent before all the world that the sons of Israel took such active part in the Bolshevist madness? Will the Jews found a league to combat socialism? Or will everything remain as before after these dreadful nights full of anguish, and as before will they form a "League to Combat anti- Semitism," senselessly denying well-known facts, and thus still more inflaming anti- Jewish feelings? The Jews have two ways before them. One is to confess and repent. The other is to accuse every one else but themselves. Their fate will depend upon the way they follow. Is it really possible that the torture of fear will not show them the right way?
SHULGIN.