homes, or in groups outside the city. All day long were heard the sounds of isolated shots and volleys, killing Jews, and the sound of church-bells in the city and the suburbs. On the third day of the massacre, under the leadership of the orthodox clergy of the city, there took place a procession with banners, in which the worshippers passed by bodies of Jews freshly shot or slain with the sword. The pogrom and massacre continued all day. and a hundred to a hundred and fifty Jews were killed. At this time the insurgent government was being formed, with a military staff and headquarters, and a series of proclamations and appeals to the population were issued. In the second proclamation it was again stated that "the Jewish power is overthrown." In the evening the pogrom and massacre quieted down; the bodies of the tortured victims remained lying where death had overtaken them. All the Jewish inhabitants that could do so hid and spent the night in cellars, garrets, barns and pits, or in Christian homes, wherever the owner admitted them. The pogrom and massacre began again on the morning of May 14, and the system of plundering and shooting continued to be practised as on the preceding days. On this day another 150 people or thereabouts were killed. In the evening of the same day the massacre stopped and was not again renewed during the stay of the rebels in the city. (Appendix 7.) The pogrom also stopped as a mass manifestation but numerous individual cases of looting continued throughout the entire time of their stay. On the third and fourth days Klimenko, ataman of the rebels, granted permission to the Jews to bury the dead. At the same time, by his orders, the rebels began to drive the Jews to collect the corpses of the slain, in the houses and on the streets. The bodies were thrown into carts and carried to the Jewish cemetery, where they were buried in three great common ditches. The Jews were not allowed to dig individual graves; they were ordered to lay them away quickly in the common ditches. When the herded Jews, among whom were many fathers, mothers, wives, brothers, sisters, and children of the dead, were digging the graves, weeping, the rebels laughed at them and made fun of them in every way, taunted them, would not allow the women to cry, and threatened them with their weapons. Groups of rebels, passing by the cemetery, and seeing the burial, started singing merry songs. However, some Christians, especially women, wept at the sight of the enormous pile of corpses. The total number of Jews slain amounted to approximately 300 to 400 people, including men from the age of 18 to 95, and women, and children under 18. Special attention is called to the numer-
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ous cases of the killing of entire families, for example, of the four members of the Tkachuk family (Zagorodnaya St.); two sons and son-in-law Ruthauser; father, two sons, and son-in-law Dergun; husband and wife Vygodman; father and two sons Golikhov; son, nephew, and two grandsons Faitelson, and many others. There was the case of the murder of the entire family of Nukhim Bogdanis, in which were an old man of 95, his sonin-law, daughter, grandson, and great-grandson. There were cases of deliberate torture and barbarous maltreatment, as, e.g., the cutting off of hands, feet, ears, nose, breasts of women, etc. (Appendix 7a.)