a window opening on the street I saw that at about noon groups of rebels began to appear on the street, pursuing passers-by, principally Jews. One of the rebels, a young fellow, catching sight of a young Jewish girl going along the street, ran after her, holding an open knife in his hands. Having caught up with her, he struck her with the knife in the face, and then waited for a good chance to get her in the side. The girl fell. What happened to her afterwards I do not know, because I was unable to endure the sight and left the window. I saw that the composition of the rebels was very different, beginning with striplings and ending with gray-bearded peasants. I saw hardly any intelligent faces. Until 5 P.M. no one ' came into our apartment. But at that time our house was surrounded by rebels on all sides and exposed to a furious fire from rifles. Not knowing the reason for the shooting, I rushed to the telephone and asked the commandant for help, to which I received the answer: "So long as it is insurgents firing, there is no reason for alarm." And the further answer was made: "Bolsheviks have settled in your house," and then, "Ring up the commander of the eight villages." As was found out afterwards, the firing on the house was due to the fact that in one of its wings the bolshevist department of dwelling-requisitions had been located. Not long after I received these unsatisfactory replies, I and all my household heard heart-rending shrieks and groans of both men and women from our courtyard. Then we heard some street-corner cursing, the sound of blows, and loud and at the same time nervous cries of one of the dwellers in our house, an employee of the Russian Commercial Products Bank, Berkhovetz, who was afterwards found to have been killed. He kept crying: "Take me to the director of the bank, I am a Russian, he will tell you that I am no commissar, that I had no part..." At that moment rang out the command: "One, two, three!" mingled with sounds of the song "Little Apple." In fact the command itself was spoken to the tune of the "Little Apple." A volley resounded, and the cries of people were heard. I again rushed to the telephone and began to beg for help from the commandant, telling as well as I could all we had heard, and all that was going on in our courtyard. The commandant replied: "I will come in person." But till 9 P.M. no one came. The cries and shots continued all the time. Only at 9 P.M. someone knocked at our door. I immediately opened and saw the staircase full of rebels. I invited them into the room, saying: "Come in, all." But one of them, apparently a superior, asked me if we had not rung up the commandant,
and receiving an affirmative answer, ordered the rebels not to come in, but choosing two of them, entered our apartment. I remember clearly that the hands of the two soldiers who entered with the superior were bloody. They were both far from sober. Then they searched the apartment, looking for any weapons we might have hidden. After a fruitless search, they said to us: "Well, now you can sleep in peace." And the superior added: "This apartment is mine," and they let no one else into our apartment the whole night, whereas people kept constantly coming, pillaging and killing in all the other apartments. When the searchers left they said, indicating the other apartments: "There are the bolsheviki, there we have business." What this "business" consisted of was made clear the next day, when it turned out that seven Jewish men had been shot in Zhuravsky's apartment.
F. POLISCHUK.
TOWN OF DUBOVO ( F KIEV) Pogrom of May 13, 1919
I. Report of An Assembly of Party Workers and Persons in Public Life in the Town of Dubovo, called by the Regional Director of the Head Mission of the Russian Society of the Red Cross, on the question of the occurrences of the Pogrom which took place in the Town of Dubovo. After an exchange of opinions the following was established:
The town of Dubovo is located eighteen versts from Uman. Communication with the city is carried on by horses, with the help of balagulas (country carriages). The composition of the population is as follows: Jews, more than 300 families (somewhat over 1,000 people); Christians, three times this number. Most of the peasants are possesed of land. The occupations of the peasants, in addition to agriculture, were limited to swineraising, and only in recent times, when the food crisis became acute in the city, did the peasants begin to act as "sackers." The Jews were divided as to occupational groups between artisans (ten per cent) and dealers in grain products and proprietors of peasant-ware supply shops (ninety per cent).