and swore that they had never belonged to any party. Then the bandits brushed aside the woman, shouting: "Shut up, if you don't want your eyes gouged out." The man they threw to the ground and killed him with shots. The woman began to cry terribly. They said to her: "There's no use in crying now, go along." She went, weeping and crying along the street. Some bands met her and beat her with gun-butts. They beat her head and face. She does not remember what happened afterwards. She came to in the Provincial Hospital; she does not remember whether she went there herself or was taken there.
MANIA NARODNITZKAIA.
XI. Testimony of Abram Safian
This happened on Friday, May 16, at half-past twelve at night. There was a knock at the door. I did not open. There were more violent knocks. "Who is there?" I asked. "Open; it is soldiers." I opened the door. A gang of fifteen men rushed in. "Give us money." I gave them my purse. "To the walll Where is the rest of your money?" I pointed out the chest. Some ran to the chest, others went to the bedroom, where my sick father was lying. "What are you lying there for, old Jew?" My father began slowly to get up. One of the bandits struck him on the head with a sabre. "Don't strike him, he is sick, strike me instead." "Don't worry, your turn will come, too. Where is your shop? Show it to us." I showed them the shop. Some ran into the shop, others were busy with the cupboards; some were with my father, some in the shop. The door was open. I ran out and hid. I don't know what happened afterwards, but was told that they looked hard for me in the yard. They cut my father to pieces in the literal sense; we found him under the table in the kitchen.
XII. Testimony of Gurevich about the Killing of Her Husband and Two Sons
It happened on May 17 at 4 A.M. A gang ran into the yard with outcries and shots and began to knock at the door. My husband opened to them. They killed him on the spot. Then they killed my second son, Samuel. Then they went down into the cellar, where my older son Srul was. We began to implore him, and my boy, aged 15, took hold of the muzzle of the gun, begging the soldier not to shoot. He went away. Afterwards he came back, evidently under the influence of some one's direc-
CHERKASSY:
tions, and killed him, crying: "You are a communist; you want a commune." Then they plundered the house.
BUZIA GUREVICH.
XIII. Testimony of M. Ukrainskaia
Marusia Ukrainskaia, who is very like a Russian in appearance, was at the station all the time the Grigorievists were in Smela. On Friday, May 16, five bandits arrested a certain Tyverovsky, a relative of Ukrainskaia, and took him to the station. After some time Ukrainskaia also rushed to the station. There she passed for a Russian the whole time, and by this means succeeded in seeing much of interest. All the soldiers to the last man were drunk, and Ukrainskaia did not know whom to apply to. One of the railroad men advised her to apply to a sailor, who was. in command of some band or other (this sailor afterwards shot forty people at the third verst). His name was Commander Mozzhukhin, and he asked Ukrainskaia what she wanted. She answered that among the prisoners in the car was a neighbor of hers and she was asking in his behalf. "Asking for a Jewl What good have they done you?" Ukrainskaia began to implore and to say that her neighbor was a fine man, that he was not involved in anything, etc., and begged that he be freed. "Yes, I can — I can shoot, and I can pardon. You know I hate Jews terribly, but I will fulfill your request; go and pick out your Jew." At this time at the station there was a great deal of shouting, laughter, noise and hubbub. This meant that they had brought in looted goods and the band was dividing them up. Among the gang Ukrainskaia recognized boys and girls from the gymnasium of Cherkassy, officers, and people who had social standing. All this assembly was dancing to the sound of a gramophone. Shouts, tumult, and the most unrestrained merriment...
M. Ukrainskaia, an inhabitant of Cherkassy, happened to be at the station of Smela, and shared with us her impressions of what she saw there.
XIV. Testimony of One of the Participants in the Battle on the Left Flank
On Thursday, May 15, at dawn, the Soviet forces left the city, and in view of the alarming situation on the front, towards evening all the party strength in the city was mobilized. Into the party ranks entered also, voluntarily, upon the suggestion of
UKRAINE