Along with this, the sad reminiscences of the Jewish inhabitants were refreshed by the news-reports which daily reached them of the pogroms and massacres of the Jewish populations of the villages and towns of the whole canton of Uman. In truth, simultaneously with the massacre and pogrom in Uman, the pogroms were occurring throughout the region. Everywhere where Jews lived they were plundered and killed; and the percentage of Jews killed and ruined in the villages -and towns was invariably higher than the percentage of Jewish victims in the city. The picture of the pogroms and massacres was of the same sort almost everywhere: looting, beating, killing on an enormous scale, violation of women, etc. So it happened in the
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villages of Ladyzhenka, Dubovo, Ivanka, Buk, Talnoie, and everywhere where any Jews lived. The principal part in the pogroms and massacres was played by rebel bands which roamed about the canton. However, in many places, along with peasants of other villages, a part was played in the pogroms and massacres by peasants living in the same villages, often neighbors who had known them for decades and observed the life of these industrious Jews, almost every one of whom had always lived in poverty and want. The Jews who remained alive fled from their settled habitations wherever their feet carried them, over roads blocked by rebels, whereby many perished on the way, and their bodies are not yet recovered. Some fled to Uman, where they sought refuge among the poor folk of the city, in synagogues, under the open sky, etc. In many villages and towns the pogroms and massacres were repeated more than once, each time the rebels passed through.
On the evening of May 21 artillery fire was heard from the direction of the line of the railroad, and bombs began to fall not far from the city. As was afterwards learned, this firing came from the guns of the armored train of the Soviet detachment which was attacking Uman. All night long the battle continued between the Soviet detachment and the rebels in the region near Uman. It ended with the defeat, surrender and flight of the rebels. On the morning of May 22 the Soviet detachment, consisting principally of the 7th Soviet Infantry, entered Uman. With it the members of the Executive Committee returned to town, and the majority of the Soviet workmen. The guns of the armored train fired on some of the nearby environs of Uman, where it was suspected t>iat bands of rebels were collecting. The Soviet transport automobiles, loaded with Red soldiers, went around town, establishing order and quieting the frightened population, which was afraid to go out of the houses.
However, with the arrival of the Soviet troops in Uman the disorganized life of the city was not restored. Even on the first day of their arrival several cases were recorded in which armed men broke into private houses and apartments, mostly of Jews, and stole property. However, measures were taken against this at once, which reduced the number of cases of looting in the succeeding days. But after several days the 7th Soviet regiment was called away from Uman and in its place the 8th Soviet Ukrainian regiment arrived, which had been in Uman twice before, in the month of March. Immediately, from the very first day of this regiment's arrival, endless pillag-
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