the presence of many peasants. Many of them expressed themselves as having nothing against the Jews. Klimenko produced a very good impression on the delegation by his appearance. Thus, especially significant were his words: "The Jews are at one with us; there must be no killing." While Klimenko was himself expressing these "liberal" ideas, his detachment, though small in numbers, continued to cause considerable devastation in the dwellings, looting many of them. On the evening of the same day, June 1, Klimenko departed with his detachment to the village of Babanka, eight versts from Dubovo. Two days later, on the 3rd, a telephone message from Klimenko, in Babanka, came to the local committee to the effect that a detachment was marching on Dubovo and that it was necessary to meet it and offer resistance. The meeting replied that they nad not the strength to do so. And in fact towards evening there arrived a scouting party of a new champion, of an unhappy sort for Dubovo, a certain Koziakov. As described by those who saw him, Koziakov was a man of about 30, of intelligent appearance, wearing sometimes velvet and sometimes a sailor's costume, with a red star. According to some reports he came from Odessa with a detachment split off from Grigoriev. He spoke only Russian. According to testimony he was born in the village of Mankovka. Koziakov's detachment was decorated with red ribbons. Koziakov also summoned to himself a delegation of Jews. His appearance produced a terrible panic in the population. Since his summons of a delegation was extremely insistent, a delegation was constituted with great difficulty, of two men — Schwarzmann and Deichmann. Before the delegation stood the detachment of a hundred men, wearing sailor caps, with red ribbons around them. The detachment had a machine gun. Some of them were mounted. Koziakov presented a demand for a contribution of 25,000 rubles, a pood and a half of sturgeon, and oats tor the horses. The contribution was gathered by the above-named delegation and paid in full. Not devoid of interest is the following characteristic incident, which occurred when the money was paid. One of the delegates before paying the money wanted to bargain a little and perhaps get a little back. Koziakov was furious and in reply presented an ultimatum, that the Jews should leave town in the course of an hour. After that the delegates succeeded only with great difficulty in inducing Koziakov to accept the levy. He counted the money carefully, and when it was found that there were 24.550 rubles, he demanded that the remaining 450 rubles should be furnished without fail. When the contribution
UKRAINE
was forthcoming, the detachment was ordered "not to touch the people." The people, however, were informed in a proclamation that Dubovo was under martial law. The proclamation was signed by Koziakov, the commander of the detachment. It is worth noting that on the black bands of the Koziakov detachment were stamped in gold the words: "Peace to huts, war to palaces." On the morning of June 4 Koziakov's detachment left Dubovo. Some time later there resounded from the direction of Babanka, Klimenko's headquarters, an artillery bombardment of the town of Dubovo, with the object of catching Koziakov's gang. Brishka appeared unexpectedly, and succeeded in disarming the Koziakovists. Koziakov himself was taken prisoner, but, as we shall see later, succeeded in escaping from captivity and continued to organize bands.
Some days later a bold attack was made on Dubovo by the former Hetman's spy Bezhelitzsky, who collected 15,000 rubles from several people. After Bezhelitzsky's departure Koziakov unexpectedly appeared again, but was opposed by Brishka. Finally Koziakov went away. On June 7th the town of Dubovo was exposed to a half-farcical attack of an alleged 4th Soviet regiment. The farcical character is inferable from the fact that the detachment brought Brishka with it, claiming to have disarmed him. A contribution of 20,000 rubles, said by the commander to be for the purpose of "fighting the bandits," was demanded of the population. In provocatory style, only "Jew-communists" were called upon to pay. In the end a contribution of 8,000 rubles was taken (the original written receipt for this money is herewith attached), and Brishka, fully armed, rode away with the detachment. It was only too clear that the trick was Brishka's work.