out again with renewed force on the next day, the 17th of May. Bands of soldiers, conducted by volunteer guides, went through the streets from house to house asking: "Who lives here, Jews or Russians?" and, according to the answer and its plausibility, either went past or entered the houses and yards, killed the men if they did not succeed in ransoming themselves, looted, and then went on to the next house, leaving the continuation of the work begun to a crowd of women and boys. I saw soldiers, evidently sent out from the station, hurrying along; they said they were allowed to go into the city until 8 A.M.; and, in fact, about that hour I saw soldiers collecting at the Executive Committee's office, and then getting on their horses and departing in the direction of the station. But the pogrom did not stop; groups of soldiers, and bands of local inhabitants, small householders and workmen, roamed over the city and continued to slay and pillage. It was mainly the Jewish men that they killed, but in a number of houses and apartments they killed women and children and even entire families. By night and during the shelling of the town by the communists the pogrom temporarily stopped. On the 18th and 19th there were more cases of removal of Jewish men to the station, where most of them were shot. On the 19th the pogrom began to subside, but on the 20th the city again experienced an alarm and the pogrom threatened to break out again with new force in connection with the spreading of the news among the soldiers that on the evening of the 19th a soldier had been killed by a number of Jews, who offered resistance when he tried to shoot them. In connection with this there began searches along the Krasnaya street and further throughout the city. Whole wards were surrounded by the soldiery and only through the agency of negotiations between the Committee of Safety and the general staff did they succeed in scattering the ever-increasing and infuriated bands of soldiers. Towards evening the murders and robberies ceased. On the morning of the 21st there began a violent bombardment of the city by the Soviet troops, after which during the day the town was occupied by them.
Already on May 17th a group of local people in public life, mostly former members of the municipal council, tried to organize a delegation to go to the station to the staff of the Grigorievist detachment with the object of persuading them to call off the soldiers from the city and put a stop to the killing and pillaging. But on account of the repeated bombardment, and because there was no previously established center, they did not succeed in going to the station. On the 17th the dele-
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