lings," as they were called in the town, exclusively Russians, and also a militia of 15 members. In a moment all the Jewish inhabitants of the little town learned of the arrival of the detachment and became alarmed. In spite of the time of night, they poured forth into the streets, and decided to send to the detachment a delegation of the most prominent representatives of the Jewish population, with the president of the Jewish Community at the head (Schneidermann, owner of a ready-made clothing store). When the delegation asked who they were, whence they came and whither they were going, the commander of the detachment answered that he was going with his detachment from Olevsk to Novograd-Volynsk, and that they would proceed on their way the next day. He also asked that quarters for the night and provisions be furnished for his detachment. With this reassuring reply the delegation returned to the groups of Jews, who were waiting right there in the street, and immediately started to collect bread for the detachment. But suddenly, at 1 A.M., several soldiers of the detachment went past the Jews who had not yet dispersed and cried out: "Oh, you Jews, to your houses, or we will fire." This threatening warning, and a whole series of others which followed it, and which were not less threatening, convinced the Jews that all manner of unpleasantness was to be expected from the detachment. They at once began to hide, sending the young women to the elementary school, under the protection of the teachers, and to the local justice of the peace. The rest fled to hide with peasants, but some did not succeed in doing this and remained at home. In the house where the Rosenstein family rented an apartment two of the detachment were quartered, who called themselves "commandants." At first it was thought that there was no danger, because the "commandants" would not allow the house to be touched, and the Rosenstein family therefore decided to remain. But suddenly the son of the owner of the house ran in to say that the "commandants" staying with them were boasting of having participated in a Jewish pogrom. There was no time to make any decision before shots and cries were suddenly heard. Towards morning it was discovered that the soldiers were firing in the air, entering houses and demanding money. Though they were not natives and knew no one in the town, they addressed the Jews marked out to be plundered, calling them by name. This finally decided the Rosenstein family to go and hide somewhere. So they ran to a neighbor, a German sausagedealer. He took them to the dwelling of a Polish locksmith, which was more like a barn than a house and was situated in
UKRAINE