1015. Concern for the construction and repair of roads and bridges along the route of troops during military operations appears, for the first time in our chronicles, in 1015, when Grand Duke Vladimir, preparing to go to war against his son Yaroslav, ordered his soldiers to “tamper with the putz (i.e. e. to lay roads) % to pave bridges.”
1533-1584 During the reign of Toanna the Terrible, all necessary measures were taken to establish communication routes to the theater of military operations.
At that time, the head of the troops was always a small head -
1) Mater. to East. Eng. Art. in Rosa, A. Savelyeva. Eng. Zap., part XXXX.
2) The charter of Yaroslav (Russkaya Pravda) states that the hryvnia, equal to 1|z f. silver, consisted of almost 25 kunas or 20 nagatas. The hryvnia in our money is currently about 7 rubles. 82 kopecks in specie, Kuna = 311/2 kopecks, and Nogata = 391/10 kopecks. in specie, Lukona = about 2 quarters.
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a new detachment, called the “Yartul squad”, which, with the coming of local residents, performed the duties of the current sappers or, in other words, the former horse-schoneurs, i.e., they paved roads, destroyed obstacles, corrected and re-erected bridges and arranged crossings.
Based on everything that we find in our records, we can generally come to a positive conclusion that the Russians, before half of the 15th century, were already so familiar with the device. roads that did not need instructions from foreigners, and were so || They were experienced in this and built bridges through which not only detachments of several hundred people passed, but the WHOLE Armenia was crossed 1).
“Orchestral craftsmen” were people who were capable of constructing various kinds of machines needed for siege and field operations and were engaged in correcting old defects and creating new ones, according to the need for them.
Vicious masters were always with the troops. The chronicles say about them that they were: “masters of wisdom and extremely vicious titles.”
In general, ancient chronicles testify that the Luor craftsmen were always distinguished by their knowledge of their craft, resourcefulness in difficult circumstances and entrepreneurship.
1473 From the second half of the X\Y century foreign engineers appeared among us, who were called by our government. So, in 1473, Semyon Tolbuzin was sent to Italy to find a skilled architect. From among many Italian masters, Tolbuzin chose one, named Aristotle F!oraventi, a native of Bologna. This is what the chronicle says about him:
“The masters were chosen by Aristotle, I say, they were masters, but not one was chosen in Rus'; the same delight and dressed up with him for ten rubles per musyatso let’s eat..... Aristotle took his son with him, they call him Andreem, "and the little guy, they call him Petrushey....."
These were the first foreign engineers in Russia, who, in addition to the construction of various temples and buildings, fortified cities in the distance, took part in our military operations, performing the duties of the current officers of the engineering troops.
1482 In 1482, Grand Duke Shoann Sh sent our clerk Fyodor Kuritsyn to Hungary, to King Matthew Corwin, with an agreement in which the Grand Duke demanded from Hungary
1) Great Prince Dimitri Yuyuannovich, during the war with Prince Mikhail of Tver, during the siege of Tver, ordered the construction of 2 bridges across the Volga. He was in the wars with the Tatars, to cross the river. Don, on September 3, 1380, ordered bridges to be built for the purpose.
the Russian King, so that he would deliver “rozmyslov”, i.e., engineers, to Russia.
Each prisoner who came to Russia was obliged to serve for a specified period of time for a fee and to have assistants. Although the rozmyel was more consistent with the type of the modern “military engineer,” they were also assigned responsibilities that currently constitute the direct specialty of officers of the Field Engineering Troops.
The ideas were respected among us and, according to their connections, especially in the art of siege, they received the name: “People of these three are accustomed to the zradsky razorentyu.”
1533--1584 During the reign of Anna the Terrible, thoughts appear among us as a special class and already have their own students from the Russians.
Thoughts, like people present in the Engineering Department, gave a new, more advantageous character to our siege wars. The siege work, under their leadership, already represented a correct, harmonious and deliberate action.