Due to the lack of animal life in the designated areas, the temperature dropped significantly, this entire area was covered with glaciers that slid down from the Alshyan, Scandinavian and Finnish mountains, bringing with them boulders. From the melting, due to the rising temperature of Europe, these glaciers formed seas of fresh water, which disappeared over time. In this way, it is possible to explain to some extent the extraordinary accumulation of swamp and lake waters in Belarusian Poland. Representing a significant depth of the surface, this valley served as a natural basin for the drainage of the drying waters of the primeval sea; Meanwhile, significant deposits of boulder deposits, which are especially frequent and extensive precisely in the Polish region (in the Grodno province, Vilna and Smolensk strata, these are found less frequently, more often individual boulders) prevented the soil from absorbing water, which thus formed, with its accumulation, swamps and lakes, at the same time providing a source for numerous rivers and streams.
The accumulation of water in the Belarusian field was much more significant even in historical times. This is indicated, by the way, by a significant number of drying up rivers, lakes and swamps, shallower than many rivers (for example, Druta, Pripyat, etc.) and finally, silty soil originating from river sediments, which is found very often far from the currently existing rivers and lakes and, therefore, indicating their existence in other rivers. fuck. This is also supported by folk legends about a large accumulation of fresh water in the Pripyat Valley and others. m$etah. The layers of recent formation that make up the soil of Belarus usually consist of sandy loam, marl, sand, torea and silt; Chernozem is found rarely, in small spaces, and in the form of a very thin layer. So, such deposits of chernozem are found only in some parts of the Vilna province, namely in the northern part of the Troka district. he walks along the left bank of the Wilsh, cross to the right bank and occupy the north bank. part of Vilna district, north-east part of Sventsyansky and part of Disnensky. In the rest of Belarus there are no more or less extensive deposits of black soil; on the contrary, other infertile soil types predominate in it.
In general, the predominant soil is clayey with more or less admixture of sand, quartz, mica, etc. and washable parts, and even more often purely rocky.
Other types of soil are found less frequently. Tore is located in Balsky, Smolensky, Dukhovshchinsky and Porechek uy. Smolensk province, in Rogachevsky, Bykhovsky and Orsha uy. Mogilev province. We personally managed to see huge deposits of torey throughout the northern part of Pinsk district: in the Telekhanskaya volost at 03. Vygonoshti, in Pogostskaya at 03. Pogosta, village. Porokhonsk, in Dobroslav parish. and partly in Davyd-Gorodetskaya these deposits occupy dozens of miles. In R%chitsky district. torus in large deposits is located in Dernovice parish.
Between the various factors that determine human life and have a strong impact on it, irrigation should be one of the first places.
Not to mention the purely physical indentation of accumulated water, such as. The amount of precipitation on human life; rivers and lakes are of great importance in the political and trade relations of tribes. Russian Federations served as the only convenient route for both trade and military colonization and defense enterprises. Building roads through impassable virgin forests and through swamps was impossible in ancient times: this would have required extraordinary efforts on the part of the tribe, since the countries occupied by Russian tribes were very vast and at the same time sparsely populated. In all cases, the river served as the most convenient road; Traveling along it did not require any special effort: in a light shuttle, in a small number of people, it was possible to get from remote Polotsk to Noev, or Novgorod, or to Khozarsyu Itil at the mouth of the Volga. The direction of the river of the Rosey Plain is of particular importance in relation to communication routes. Through the river, the most distant parts of Rosea are connected, connecting with the Cassia Sea and the Ural Mountains through the Volga, whose western tributaries are separated only by small portages from the tributaries of the Western Dvina and Dnepropetrovsk; in turn, the tributaries of the Dnfira and 3. Dvina come close to the tributaries of the Vistula and N$man. By means of the Volga, communication
12 M. DOVNAR-ZAPOLSKGI.
not to Bflom and the Baltic seas. As for the actual land of the Krivichi and Drevigovichi, it occupied one of the most advantageous positions in terms of waterways: important markets diverge from it, as if from the center, connecting it with the remote outskirts of the great Rosai Plain.