The tribes that made up ancient Rus' must have differed from each other in many enographical features, expressed in various dialects, customs, rituals, religious features, varying degrees of culture, differences in trading interests, even, perhaps, in such trifles as clothing, method and practices of hunting, etc. The difference is not great. These features may seem to us, but they were related to the disunity of the tribes, especially if we pay attention to 10 that the vast spaces, impassable forests and swamps, and, moreover, the indignant, suspicious attitude of one tribe towards another, a feature characteristic of generally poorly educated peoples, constantly prevented close acquaintance and change of tribes. At the same time, remember the characteristic of the Slavs in general - starting disputes between each other, etc.; The chronicler characterizes these disagreements between the tribes with the words “they were unstructured.” But while the tribes lived in small communities, until they developed the ability to create a state principle, folk life did not manifest itself in anything. Since the 1st World War, various events, one after another, have aroused the Russian tribes to action: the fight against the Varagas, established throughout the entire territory of state power, the frequent invasion of the Northern Slavs by the southern Slavs and vice versa, the struggle for the power of the first princes, campaigns against Greece, the Khazars, the Caucasus, etc., finally adopted by the Christian religion and with it. In a word, all these phenomena were forced into retribution. wake up the russian tribes. Thus, there was an awakening among the Russian tribes to mental and state activity, which phenomenon we would call the revival of the people. The first to succumb to this movement were the tribes that were in close relations with Greshcheya: the Yumevsk Polyane and the Ilmen Slavs and Polochans. Then it moves onto the stage of political life: Volyn, Turov, Sveryans, Smolyans, etc. As a result of such a manifestation of the people's regional life in finding a successful pertod, we will notice the following phenomena: 1) developed and strengthened in $cha, as an exponent of the people's will in the internal and vnfshnyh, 2) the struggle of towns with the suburbs, which is a reflection of the general revival of tribes, 3) the struggle of zemstvos, 4) the development of land systems, i.e. tribes are grouped around their own
its main center, the grand-ducal city, and each land, in turn, is divided into small appanages. As for the princes, in their struggles we observe a number of cases: 1) the struggle of princes for clan (the struggle of the Monomakhovichs and Olgovichs) and family scores, 2) the struggle of princes for personal grievances and displeasures, 3) the struggle of princes for the interests of lands, principalities, for example, trade, etc., 4) the appearance of a struggle for tables princes - outcasts. In the first two cases, the princes usually fought only with their squads, and the zemstvo readily helped and even refused to help them.
These are the distinctive features, in our opinion, of the appanage period. To explain it, we come to the conclusion that we need to take the totality of all these devils, and just one of them, for example. the tribal relations of the princes, and only such a view can fully clarify the beginning of this period.
To this we should add one more consideration. In the continuation of several VFKs, when our udfl period continued, with the diversity and number of tribes inhabiting Rus', their varying degrees of culture, interests, etc., the udfl-chev order changed its modifications. Let us at least point out that generations of princes could not always act on the same principle, at least according to the principle of the ancestral principle: one prince could have his own views on power, on his position, on the estate he governed, etc., different from the views of another. On the other hand, the lands, depending on the conditions, were placed in stone, and different concepts and principles about princely and popular power were established: in one city the king prevailed, in the other the prince, etc. All this was reflected in the events of the udfl period. ‘
At first, the princes in the appanages were newcomers. Vnyaz and his retinue moved from city to city, representing temporary military and judicial power. Commanded by the frequent replacement of princes and their exclusive position in the country, the people's power had to come forward to constantly manage internal affairs, which was expressed in the increased importance of the war.
However, from about half the HP in%, the princes stop moving from the table to such a degree, but get used to the same amount of
ESSAY LO BEGINNING. KHOT, 85