And it was precisely Spencer who insisted on the fundamental point5 of his individualism, He asserted that the seeds of freedom for each individual 1) are, in essence, his natural right, no matter how contemptuously they treat this term, due to the centuries-old misconceptions that combined in it, along with true and false ideas.
This is a very significant moment for the doctrine of individualism. The inalienable rights of the citizen and man of the French declaration of 1739 and the a priori political philosopher of the 18th century, archived by empiricists, utilitarians, in the family of Bentham, will again appear before us, filled with real content, based on scientific data,
Spencer concludes that pmeyutsii is of great importance for a political individual and is closely related to the above-
1) That is the limit he defines is based on conclusions from the formula of justice and their inductive verification. ) at E 9
— 446 the mentioned law of equally limited freedom (and its various types, i.e. natural rights of the individual) ').
The positive right not to serve as a taranman for natural, individual rights. State laws themselves guarantee these rights.
The rights that Spencer classifies as individual and natural are 1) the right to physical integrity; 2) the right to freedom of movement; 3) the right to use the natural environment; 4) ownership; 5) the right of intangible property; 6) the right to give and dispose; 7) the right to freedom of exchange and contract; 8) the right of freedom of industry: 9) the right of freedom, conscience and worship and 10) the right of freedom of speech and press.
The history of the development of each of the rights shows that “accumulated experience has prompted people to establish laws that harmonize with the various conclusions arising from the principle of various freedoms.”
Slavery is replaced by high respect for the Czech personality. Slingshots etc. watchmen who interfere with the movement of individuals at every step are gradually being removed, both in their native territory and in foreign countries.
Arbitrary interference in property and restrictions, for example, in the form of regulating the quality of goods in production, in the use of property (for example, the type of clothing, the number of horses in a carriage), in gifts, in transfers, etc. gradually disappeared. The view of land as the property of the sovereign alone must give way to the recognition of everyone's rights to land 2). Supreme ownership of land
1) Ch. XHP Foundation of ethics. Rights are nothing more than different aspects of general freedom, which allows a person to achieve desired goals only with such restrictions that depend on the presence of other people who similarly pursue similar goals.
2) Subsequently, Mr. Spencer revised his views on the practical solution of the agrarian question. But, as the reader may have noticed, this essay, in particular the analysis of Mr. Spencer’s doctrine, concerns the political is recognized not by the sovereign, but by the society whose acquittal | expropriated for public needs 1). In general, considering the history of property rights, we | we notice him. individualization, starting with gradual
Having disappeared of primitive land communism, the intervention of government agents in it, its protection, which goes as far as punishing theft of property, we finally recognize the individual’s right to material objects: literary and scientific works, pennies and even the idea of any technical invention.: The meaning of individualization as a trend in development | <subjective political rights (according to modern terminology)
n), - clarifying and implementing the principle of justice - is revealed in granting the individual exclusive dominion over the results of his labor and the associated benefits obtained thanks to his gifts. ] These results of labor and benefits “are not possible for individuals | take away from him without demanding for himself more significant freedoms, as much as he (individual) demands, and thus backpedaling the same ‘law’ °).
A similar process of individualization can be seen in the history of the development of the rights of exchange, contract and industrial freedom, which for a long time were under the yoke of interference.
“Tva and control first of the authorities themselves (the tribal way of life of tribes, feudal lords, guilds, etc.), then the rulerhtvenpykht agents (regulating commodity prices, hiring, “parties of the relationship between the individual and the state, and the author dwells more on the foundations, growth, modification and grouping of political individualism, which he already spoke about in the Preface to the 1st issue.