We will develop industrialism, reduce militarism and strengthen it. world 3) the first function weakened and the second function increased.
1) The structure of the state. XXTU.
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Nutrition of organs that perform vital functions is directly related to the activity of these organs. A decrease in the activity of the organization will at first lead to a weakening of the organization, and with the cessation of work it will even become more efficient. The same phenomenon can be observed in relation to various ‘branches of state’ power and activity.
Military for short. The activity was led by a reduction in the (relative) number of soldiers (at first they were all citizens of mature age), and the very role of the government, adapted to military purposes, primarily, was supposed to change over time. The government of comprehensive control, restraint and guardianship over the individual, caring about developing him into a good warrior, during the time of peace should have gradually turned into a government only protecting the peaceful and free activity of individuals.
But the state fulfilled the last function cont. sting and continue to encounter constant pomfhi. This happens due to the experience. Representatives of state power (single-headed or multi-headed). They cannot shake off the idea that their primary activity is not military, that; Due to the change in the nature of the state, guardianship over the individual and his family lost its basis. This “producing error” led to many undesirable phenomena in public life. In the book “Map Wegs Sheav” (Spencer branded them with the names “new Toryism”, “future slavery”, “griffy legislators”, “great political prejudice”. Spencer’s idea is that state power was born from the war, developed from it, was enriched by it, relying on the army in peacetime, was founded always dominant 1). Experience clearly shows: tribes do not have wars and do not have governments,
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The tribes of the Vedic Wars received a government formed from the power of leadership in wars. The government strengthened the rule of other tribes. because it held power over them even in peacetime.
The despotic nature of power was formed partly from the above-mentioned need to have soldiers brought up in a healthy discipline; In part, power, having become stronger in peacetime, borrowed, by virtue of surviving the character of paternal governance, from the time when the state and family were not yet differentiated 1).
Having thus explained the origin of state power and its dual functions of external and internal protection, as well as the nature of the state, subject to transformations in the process of evolution, and typical of these transformations were described, Spencer prepared the ground for addressing the question of the relationship of the individual to the state. The question, as can be seen from the above, is closely connected with the question of the duties of the state, and above all with the basic principles common to all synthetic philosophy.
It was established how the nature of state power and its relationship to the individual gradually changed, depending on the variety of state types. ‘This is expressed in the language of philosophy. Spencer's formula: there has been an adaptation of internal relationships to external ones. (It is necessary to pay attention to the above formula, since we will see its inconsistency with the position expressed by him and repeated in the conclusion (of social ethics): the state is a means for the individual, individual freedom is a guarantee of the law of the state, and not vice versa). It was also established how the position of the individual in the state changed towards individuality and how
1) Ethics in general. life GU. Justice ch. XX\\1.
Instead of homogeneous groups of disciplined masses of soldiers and despotic controlled workers, free cooperation of industrialists, farmers, volunteer warriors, etc. will arise. when replacing the fucked-up socialist type (militant state - 36a15) with a higher type (industrial state - sotgasa$). ‘This process, analogous to which is observed throughout nature, is marked by Spencer with the formula: a transformation of structure and specialization of functions has occurred’). |