YOU. BOVE. About 10 no. 771 7
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]
| ESSAY OF DEVELOPMENT OF _NDIVIDIVILISTIC DIRECTION
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]
(The idea of the political individual).
Part E-ya.
KHARNOV. Typograya, Mechatnoye D'lo*, Nlochnovsnaya, 5: 19.07:
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]
JV data
A. N. Sratyev. _
SKETCH OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NDIVIDUALISTIC DIRECTIONS
in the history of ‹Philosophy of the state.
(The idea of the political individual).
Part. 9th.
KHARNOV. Typograya “Printed Dylo”, Nlochnovsnaya, 5. 1907.
[fragment illegible in the scan of the first edition]
Giz Tym 5.7!
RLAVA U.
Foundations of political individualism In the methodological Philosophy of the XU century.
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CHAPTER U.
The foundation of political individualism in the methodological philosophy of the 18th century.
Already in the era of humanism and reform, the idea of personality took deep and viable roots. Its sprouts could be found and, indeed, found a thorough culture among the representatives of the thought of the next world.
If the previous periods of human thinking about legal and political problems, through which individualism (statism and theocratism) made its way, can be characterized, from the point of view of the prevailing trends, the desire of thinkers to indicate the place and role of the human personality in its preparatory, earthly and afterlife, as the ultimate goal, if secular writers with We had previously worked on the constructs of political forms, giving them absolute significance, but now, the solution to the same problem was based on a closer study of the human personality, which until now was assigned only a passive place and a passive role in the mentioned constructs. Morality and law received their justification from the properties of the environment (state, church, public corporations, etc.), and not from the properties of people and their relationships. This meant that the norms of individual behavior in the broad
` In the meaning of the word, they were heteronomous, not autonomous. Chrome
In addition, in resolving the problem of rights5 and states, with Ш
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The etalistic and theocratic points were in vain, the teleological view prevailed.
The deep crisis of the worldview was created primarily by the elimination of the teleological method of scholastic philosophy. In relation to the human personality, this was more important. The things she walked were delivered not outside of her, but in her. An individual exists not “for what”, but “because”. It exists exactly this way, and not otherwise, because the individual is exactly like this, and not another, and not to realize the final goals of worldly existence, the ideals of the church and the state. From here it is clear how the thought of some representatives of philosophy was gradually directed towards the study of the properties of the human personality itself, not through the prism of traditional views on these properties from the side of religion and a priori political and social structures, but through direct observation of particulars that were studied and accessible to the human mind.
In this regard, Francis Bacon Verulamsa rendered no small service to the subject under consideration.
To evaluate this merit, it is necessary to consider mainly Bacon’s methodological philosophy, for his ethical and political judgments are of a practical nature, and, moreover, are presented fragmentarily and aphoristically.
Bacon affirms the foundations of a worldview that is opposite to theocratism, which is gradually leaving the worldly, ideological proscenium. The problems of law and the state were usually resolved precisely in connection with this worldview, based on hierarchical realism. As is obvious, the nominalist movement opposed realism. And against the absolute authority of ready-made theological literature, the teaching of double truths was directed - liberating for the human mind. In both cases, Bacon joins the opposition. He is the successor of his famous namesake Roger Bacon,
eo eek
“Chosyug piga 5) ‘) of Duns Scotus and V. Occam. In addition, Bacon of Verulam is a supporter of humanistic and partly reformist tendencies 2).
The theoretical developments of the English Chancellor are all imbued with humanistic individualism. At their core lies a desire to throw off the dead yoke of scholasticism.