Further, if we look at what basis lies in the foundations of the most liquid structures (although we must remember that evolution occurs slowly, gradually, sharp lines between intermediate types can be placed), then we will find three such foundations: the public, cooperation for war, cooperation for obtaining the means of existence. Spencer insists on the principle of common law, this old principle proclaimed by the father of the new philosophy of law, Hugo. It’s a pittance, but the one who receives it contains specific content. He cites examples of peoples so sociable that they tend to make Hobbes’s picture of a general, primitive war pale, with whom Spencer does not agree. The two other foundations for the structure of society: war and industrial labor, can clearly be distinguished in existing and existing states. These foundations leave an imprint on the entire character of the life of the people, on the constitution of the state, and most importantly, on the relationship of the individual to the state.
and I
Among many examples, it is enough to choose two. Let's meet the medieval and medieval state with Angmey and
America.
Cooperation for war imposes obligations of iron discipline on the citizenry (Sparta). The individual is subordinate to society. “The tribes and ours, who do not maintain this kind of subordination, must, other things being equal, disappear in the fight against the tribes and ours, among which it is ‘supported. Therefore, such “subordination” becomes, through experiencing the best fit, an established sign” 5
A good soldier, a good servant is the ideal of a citizen.
Another thing is a society of the working type, which we have not yet found as a complete one, but closer to it can be seen in the example of England and America. Here, “a few free people are warriors, while the vast majority of them are engaged in production and distribution”; there, “all free people are warriors, and industry is left to the slaves and the peasants.” The goal of the societies “who are united”, “constituting society (since society itself does not have sensitivity) is achieved differently in both types. In the military type; whose call is war, society to protect individuals from external attacks, is the first condition of their good; In the labor type, where the majority of its constituent individuals are engaged in peaceful cultural work, society’s responsibility is to protect individuals from internal enemies.
In the first case; a despotically organized society is needed, a society containing it to reflect in its structure the same despotism. In the second case, “to prevent murder, theft, fraud, and the need for an army.” Armenia is powerless against fraud. "Vice versa,
1) (Ethics of social life. ХХИ.
What is required here is a power ‘adapted (dispersed) to maintaining the rights of each citizen against others and respecting the same rights in its own dealings with citizens” 1):
Industrialism is the fruit of free individual efforts of people and the fruit of free cooperation) gradually transforming the social structure from a forced and hierarchical one into a free one and gradually changing the position of the individual from a slave, serf and warrior into a free farmer and industrialist. The worker, despotically controlled, existed for the warrior, in the industrial. The type of cooperation is to serve the employee, ‘Consequently, the system of forced cooperation is replaced by a system of free cooperation. The very need for coptrol will disappear: petty restrictions on individual freedom will no longer exist. Individuality grows and develops. The state directs its concerns “not to external continuous” struggle and protection, but to the internal protection of citizens, being the guardian of their individual rights, their servant, and not a master, like a military-type state. The military-type state, occupied with the fulfillment of its first function, national defense, first provided internal protection to individuals themselves. But it soon became obvious that internal turmoil was weakening the state for its military objectives, and therefore ‘it. took on a second function - the protection of individuals against internal attacks and against mutual conflicts between them (i.e., individuals).